University of Otago Library Observations on the Authority of New Zealand Chiefs, 2 July 1821 Reverend Samuel Marsden Author text Letter 2 July 1821 20 July 1821 13 August 1821 20 August 1821 eng text/html 322 x 204 mm 2 leaves 4 pages reformatted digital Hocken Collections' Title: Observations on the Authority of New Zealand Chiefs Authority Authority New Zealand -41.244772,174.675751 Hope Hope Political science Government River Thames 51.512161,0.113876 Bay Of Islands -35.17886,174.169586 Fire Fire Europeans Temmaranga Peace Peace Murder Murder Cruelties Captain Great Britain. Parliament British Government Wyekotto -38.043765,175.428829 Patu Mere Climate Climate Life Life Marsden Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand. http://www.marsdenarchive.otago.ac.nz/MS_0057_031 http://www.marsdenarchive.otago.ac.nz/MS_0057_031_001 http://www.marsdenarchive.otago.ac.nz/MS_0057_031_002 http://www.marsdenarchive.otago.ac.nz/MS_0057_031_003 http://www.marsdenarchive.otago.ac.nz/MS_0057_031_004 MS_0057_031 Trimble 31 CMS Number 31 The manuscript images, transcripts and metadata displayed on the Marsden Online Archive site are governed by a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 New Zealand (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ) copyright agreement (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz/). Please contact the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand for more information. University of Otago Library 2015-06-11T09:04:13+12:00 machine generated eng Observations on the Authority of New Zealand Chiefs, 2 July 1821 Reverend Samuel Marsden University of Otago Library Digitised from the Hocken Library Collection Number MS-0057/031 Trimble 31 CMS Number 31 Digitised by the Marsden Online Archive Library of Congress Subject Headings Letter Maori Subject Headings 2 July 1821 20 July 1821 13 August 1821 British English Authority Hope Political science Fire Peace Murder Great Britain. Parliament Climate Life Patu Authority New zealand Hope Government River thames Bay of islands Fire Europeans Temmaranga Peace Murder Cruelties British government Wyekotto Mere Climate Life Marsden Observations on the Authority which the Chiefs possess in New Zealand There are Chiefs who hold large Tracts of Land in New Zealand as their hereditary right; yet their authority over the Persons and property of those who live within their Jurisdiction is very circumscribed, and confined within their own Family Domestics and Slaves, over whom they have the most absolute power. Upon their Lands a number of inferior Chiefs generally reside by permission, who may be allied in some way or other to the principal Chief by Family connexions, Intermarriages, or Friendship. Each of these Chiefs carrys on their own Cultivation, have their own Domestics and Slaves over whom the principal Chief has no authority whatever. Besides these there are free Persons who are poor, and who possess neither Land no Slaves; and whose Families have probably been reduced by war or other Calamities. Over these also the Chiefs has no authority whatever. They go where they please, and live as they please, without interruption from any one. As the Chief is generally a Military Character those who live within his Jurisdiction look up to him in times of common danger for protection, and range themselves under his Barrier from motives of personal Safety. He also on his part conciliates their Esteem, and ensures their obedience more by Courtesy and Kindness than by Command. Knowing that he has no authority to command them many of the inferior Chiefs with their domestics and Slaves as well as the poor freemen will readily join the principal Chief in his wars, in order to indulge their natural disposition for fighting, and in hope of sharing the spoils of war. Was the principal Chief to call upon any Class of free People within his Jurisdiction to labour they would pay little attention to his Commands. he has no authority over them in this respect nor any means to enforce their obedience. The principal Chiefs, as well as the inferior ones are all extremely Jealous of the Authority they possess tho' individually it is very small. The most of the Chiefs with whom I have conversed upon the moral and political state of their Country, are convinced they want a Government. But there is no one Chief possest possessed of sufficient information, power, and Influence, to enable him to establish himself as a King over the rest and the Chiefs are too proud, and jealous to invest their Authority in the hands of any Individual of their own Country. The Chiefs at the River Thames requested that some European ASoldiers might be sent to them, to assist them to protect themselves from the more powerful Tribes at the Bay of Islands, who have greatly the advantage over them from their Fire arms. It is necessity, not Choice that induces them to solicit this assistance, and perhaps this necessity may open the way, and lay the foundation for the establishment of a regular Government in time. Tho' the Chiefs know they want a Government and are sensible that their Country would be greatly benefited from what they have seen heard and learned from their intercourse with the Europeans, yet they never can accomplish such an important object without the assistance of some civilized civilised nation.– If they lived under the Authority of one Chief he might form some regular Government, but under their feudal System this can never be done. Tho' one Tribe or whole districts would willingly receive foreign assistance to protect them from their more powerful Enemies, yet I think it very probable, that the body of the Chiefs would hesitate before they placed their Country under the power and Government of a foreign nation; they will never wish to be commanded if they can possibly avoid this. Temmaranga is a man of very sound sense, and very deep reflection He laments the state of his Country much more than any Chief I have ever seen, and is better acquainted with its miseries. He is a Chief of great Consequence: Had been a great warrior, but is now anxious to put a stop to their destructive wars, and the three months he has travelled with me, he has used every argument with the Chiefs we have met with, to induce them to live in peace. He has often told me that there is nothing but the High hand of Authority that can restrain some of the Chiefs from Spoil and Murder and has observed, if he was King and had the power, he would take their Heads off immediately, if they would not be quiet, and seemed to think that nothing short of that would put a stop to their Cruelties He is very anxious that Captain Downies recommendation to the British Government, to send a man of war to New Zealand, should be attended to, as he hopes his Country will derive many benefits from such a measure: and particularly that a Man of War will prevent those tribes who are possest possessed of Fire Arms from ranging the Sea Coast, and Murdering the tribes who are not able to resist them. I am strongly inclined to think that those Chiefs at the River Thames at Wyekotto and further to the Southward, who have no means to procure Arms and Ammunition, will be driven from mere necessity to place themselves under the protection of some civil Government, should they have it in their power to do this. Should such an event ever take place, and security given to persons and property, New Zealand will then be a Civilized civilised Nation in a short time, and Agriculture and the simple Arts will flourish. Its Climate and other local advantages are so favourable for the production of all the Comforts of Civil Life, that it will rise in importance, and its inhabitants will abound with plenty. Samuel Marsden Hocken Archive Reference Number MS-0057/031 37MB image/tif 6.0 Uncompressed MD5 b70549f984ecea0b07cae12598697820 ACEMC 2898 4554 RGB manuscript Hakena MS-0057/031 204 mm 322 mm 2014:04:09 15:56:55.54 University of Otago Library, Reprographics Unit digital still camera Canon Canon EOS 6D 11.0 1.3 Manual 0220 1.3 11.0 6.5 1.4 Multi-segment tungsten flash did not fire 50.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 60.9 mm) 0 Subject is illuminated from the front side. Auto Focus Used Normal Digitised as part of the Mining Marsden Project in 2013/2014 8, 8, 8 integer 3 2014:04:17 13:12:46 University of Otago Library, Reprographics Unit Processing actions undertaken to: prepare the image for online digital use and maintain the integrity of the image. Adobe Photoshop CS6 Windows 7 Cropped item to remove excess border and straightened the image. The manuscript images, transcripts and metadata displayed on the Marsden Online Archive site are governed by a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 New Zealand (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ) copyright agreement (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz/). Please contact the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand for more information. Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand. hocken@otago.ac.nz Hocken Archive Reference Number MS-0057/031 37MB image/tif 6.0 Uncompressed MD5 2e20df42128df890abfb4265f08e466f ACEMC 2898 4548 RGB manuscript Hakena MS-0057/031 204 mm 322 mm 2014:04:09 15:58:49.02 University of Otago Library, Reprographics Unit digital still camera Canon Canon EOS 6D 11.0 1.3 Manual 0220 1.3 11.0 6.5 1.4 Multi-segment tungsten flash did not fire 50.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 61.0 mm) 0 Subject is illuminated from the front side. Auto Focus Used Normal Digitised as part of the Mining Marsden Project in 2013/2014 8, 8, 8 integer 3 2014:04:17 13:14:54 University of Otago Library, Reprographics Unit Processing actions undertaken to: prepare the image for online digital use and maintain the integrity of the image. Adobe Photoshop CS6 Windows 7 Cropped item to remove excess border and straightened the image. The manuscript images, transcripts and metadata displayed on the Marsden Online Archive site are governed by a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 New Zealand (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ) copyright agreement (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz/). Please contact the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand for more information. Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand. hocken@otago.ac.nz Hocken Archive Reference Number MS-0057/031 36MB image/tif 6.0 Uncompressed MD5 436177bf8fa5d3cfba4360a35fb72cba ACEMC 2772 4554 RGB manuscript Hakena MS-0057/031 204 mm 322 mm 2014:04:09 15:57:29.03 University of Otago Library, Reprographics Unit digital still camera Canon Canon EOS 6D 11.0 1.3 Manual 0220 1.3 11.0 6.5 1.4 Multi-segment tungsten flash did not fire 50.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 61.7 mm) 0 Subject is illuminated from the front side. Auto Focus Used Normal Digitised as part of the Mining Marsden Project in 2013/2014 8, 8, 8 integer 3 2014:04:17 13:13:57 University of Otago Library, Reprographics Unit Processing actions undertaken to: prepare the image for online digital use and maintain the integrity of the image. Adobe Photoshop CS6 Windows 7 Cropped item to remove excess border and straightened the image. The manuscript images, transcripts and metadata displayed on the Marsden Online Archive site are governed by a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 New Zealand (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ) copyright agreement (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz/). Please contact the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand for more information. Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand. hocken@otago.ac.nz Hocken Archive Reference Number MS-0057/031 37MB image/tif 6.0 Uncompressed MD5 1d039349ffcd0cfae74ac2f37560f888 ACEMC 2868 4554 RGB manuscript Hakena MS-0057/031 204 mm 322 mm 2014:04:09 15:57:57.25 University of Otago Library, Reprographics Unit digital still camera Canon Canon EOS 6D 11.0 1.3 Manual 0220 1.3 11.0 6.5 1.4 Multi-segment tungsten flash did not fire 50.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 61.1 mm) 0 Subject is illuminated from the front side. Auto Focus Used Normal Digitised as part of the Mining Marsden Project in 2013/2014 8, 8, 8 integer 3 2014:04:17 13:14:16 University of Otago Library, Reprographics Unit Processing actions undertaken to: prepare the image for online digital use and maintain the integrity of the image. Adobe Photoshop CS6 Windows 7 Cropped item to remove excess border and straightened the image. The manuscript images, transcripts and metadata displayed on the Marsden Online Archive site are governed by a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 New Zealand (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 NZ) copyright agreement (available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz/). Please contact the Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand for more information. Hocken Collections, University of Otago Library, Dunedin, New Zealand. hocken@otago.ac.nz