Sydney Cove July 22d 1823
       [1823. July 22] This day I embarked on board the Brampton for New Zealand with a view of visiting the Missionary Stations in that Island belonging to the Church Missionary Society— The Brampton is a very fine Ship upwards of 150 tons burden— The following persons embarked with me in the service of the Society, the Revd Henry Williams with Mrs Williams three children and one Man and Maid Servant, Mr Fairburn his Wife and two children and my own Man Servant. There was also the Revd Mr & Mrs Turner Wesleyan Missionaries and a Mr Hobbs who are going to join their brethren [Wesleyan] in New Zealand. The day is very fine but little wind— I feel very anxious to see New Zealand once again, to observe the progress that has been made in the improvement of the poor Heathen— It is now more than two years since I left the island— much good and much evil since that period has appeared amongst them, and many obstructions to the work of the Mission— [f] I am still confident that this land of darkness and superstition will be visited by “the day star from on high”  “The glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together” for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it”— O Lord let thy kingdom come, and then thy will shall be done on earth as it is [in] Heaven.  [July 23] Wednesday 23— Last night we were obliged for want of wind to come to anchor near the Heads & this morning at Daylight we weighed anchor and cleared the Heads of the Harbour about 8 OClock with a fair breeze, the morning was very fine— I feel happy that I am leaving the Colony for a little time, in which I have suffered much annoyance and vexation from unreasonable and wicked Men— Perhaps if I had not met these vexations I should have felt less inclination to have left my comfortable Home and Family— In the midst of all I feel I am in the path of duty, and therefore can leave with quietness and confidence my Family and all my concerns in his hands who keepeth Israel and never slumbereth nor sleepeth— [f]  In reflecting upon the state of New Zealand there are many things in the Mission that give me both pleasure and pain— I am happy that the C. M. S. has not relinquished the cause but has sent out more strength to carry on the work— Many have been the discouragements from the improper conduct of some of the Society’s Servants, but I am confident that the Sword of the Spirit which is   the word of God shall subdue the hearts of these poor Heathens to the obedience of Faith— Moses by divine command selected twelve Princes, Rulers in their respective Tribes to spy out the Land of Canaan— They went thro the land but when they returned they brought up an evil report of the Land which they had searched, and told Moses that they were not able to go up and take the land. Ten of the twelve Rulers joined in this report, but Caleb and Joshua said, “We are able to go up at once and possess it— As long as a Caleb and a Joshua remain in New [f] Zealand the Land will be taken— Tho it cannot be said to be the promised Land, a Land flowing with milk and honey, yet it is the Land of promise— I have no doubt but I shall find some on my arrival faithful to the cause, tho’ others who once ran well have turned aside from the path of duty and brought an evil report upon the Mission— How mysterious are the ways of God— He permits men to engage in his work who labour for a time with honor to themselves and to the cause in which they are employed, and at length they are taken in the snare of the Devil, fall from their steadfastness, bring guilt upon their own consciences, pierce themselves thro’ with the bitterest sorrows and go mourning all their future days; what warnings ought there to be to all the followers of Christ— [Friday Augt 1.] Friday August 1. This Evening we made the three Kings off the north Cape of New Zealand and ran between the Islands and the main land. The Sea ran mountains high and the Gale [f] was very heavy— we had met with nothing material during our passage excepting rough stormy weather part of the way— [Saturday Aug 2] Saturday Aug. 2. This morning we found ourselves to the Southward of the Cape, and before 12 OClock saw the north head of the Bay of Islands, but the wind was unfavourable— In the Evening we arrived opposite the mouth of the Harbour but could not work in as the wind was directly against us— We observed the brig Queen Charlotte a few miles to leeward of the Brampton working up— Both Vessels lay on and off during the night— [Aug. 3] Sunday 3d— At day light this morning the Queen Charlotte was about three miles to windward working up into the Harbour with a contrary wind— The Brampton being light she did not hold her wind. In working up we had stood in on one tack pretty far over to the South side of the Harbour when the Ship was put about she struck upon a Rock, but received no injury— In the Evening at dusk we came [f] to anchor in Korarareka Bay about nine miles from the Missionary Settlement Rangeehoo none went on shore this Evening— It being the Sabbath I administered the Sacrament in my Cabin in the Morning, and in the Evening we had Divine service between Decks— We had preached every Evening when the weather would permit to the Ships Company from our leaving port Jackson and had found it profitable to ourselves and may thro the Divine blessing prove profitable to them that heard us— [Aug 4] Monday 4th  This morning I went on shore at Rangeehoo saw Messrs Hall King and Cowell— They and their Families were all well— I learned that the Revd Liegh and White were settled at Wangaroa and that  Mr Shepherd was with them. It was Mr Lieghs original intention to have settled to the southward of the Bay of islands either at Wangaree or in some other station nearer the River Thames— He had been to the Southward and found that the Inhabitants were either killed or driven [f] from their homes by the late wars that have taken place along the Coast, since I was there three years ago. He and his Colleagues had steered their course to the northward about 50 miles from the Bay of Islands— There is a very considerable Population in the Harbour of Wangaroa where the Boyd was cut off about 16 years ago— It was my intention to have fixed the Revd H Williams in that station when we left Port Jackson and purposed that Mr Shepherd should accompany him, as he had acquired considerable knowledge of the language, and had written to Mr Shepherd on the subject— I was informed that the Revd  S Liegh was very ill and that it would be necessary to recall Mr & Mrs Shepherd again to the Bay of Islands, as the tribe to whom he had been originally sent required his return. The station Revd S Liegh has fixed upon is a very important one, and I hope the Mission may succeed [f] in that very spot where so many of our Countrymen were sacrificed and eat by the Natives— The Revd Mr Turner and Mr Hobbs set off as soon as they could to Wangaroa by Land taking with them a Native Guide in order to see their Colleagues and to consult measures for the removal of themselves and Baggage to their intended station. It appeared very providential that the Revd S Liegh had fixed upon this place for their Missionary labours as they might keep a communication with the Missionaries of the C M S by Land and be of mutual advantage to each other — I now determined to settle the Revd H Williams on the South side of the Bay of Islands about 16 Miles from Kiddee Kiddee and 12 from Rangeehoo— at Wytanghee or Pyhea— After spending the Day with Mr Hall I returned on board the Brampton in the Evening— 
[Aug 5] Tuesday 5.  The Revd H Williams and myself [f] [1823 Aug 5] went to Wytangee to see if we could fix upon a situation for a new Settlement. The land is very good and the Situation beautiful— We had some conversation with the inhabitants on the subject and told them what our intentions were, but could come to no arrangement with them, as the principal Chiefs were absent at the wars— We crossed the Whytanghee River and examined the ground upon the opposite side which appeared very good also— There is a large population at both of these places and a number of very fine children who continually surrounded us— The head chief of this place was also gone to the Wars, so that we could not come to any final determination this day, and therefore returned on Board in the Evening— [Aug 6] Wedy 6.  I this day called a full Committee of all the Missionaries at Kiddee Kiddee with the exception of the Revd H. Williams when the resolutions of the Parent Committee transmitted to me from London were read and considered until a very late hour in the Evening— The evils censured in these resolutions could not be denied— The concerns of the Mission had been for a very long time in a very [f] deranged state thro’ the improper conduct of some in the Mission— Great immoralities had been committed and all unity and christian love appeared to have been entirely extinguished, and pride and envy & a worldly spirit had gained the dominion over them  as a body— I was astonished that the Mission had not been annihalated entirely by the private animosities that existed and the scandalous Sins into which some of them had fallen— The natives generally behaved well and would not interfere in their differences.  The Missionaries had met with comparatively few difficulties from the Natives, and if they had acted as Christian Men their difficulties would have been less— The Missionaries admitted also that there could be no doubt, but that the Mission would finally succeed, if things were conducted properly amongst themselves, that the evils originated in their body— They expressed their regret for their past misconduct and a determination to act in a different manner in future. Some I have no doubt will be more correct and will labour to retrace their steps but I have not the same confidence in all— many men express sorrow for their Sins but their sorrow is not of [f] [nature] to cure them— temptations to evil recur again and they fall— I wish this may not be the case with some in the Mission— In reading the resolutions of the Parent Committee I endeavoured to impress their minds with the importance of the different subjects they contained and cautioned them against the consequences of their departing from their public duty in future— At a very late hour we closed our deliberations for that time, and deferred the furthur consideration of the resolutions to another opportunity—
[Aug. 7] Thursday 7th This Morning I left Kiddee Kiddee in company with the Revd H Williams and proceeded to Pyheea in order to fix upon a new station for him about 16 miles from the above Settlement, we examined the ground and determined upon Mr  Williams taking up his residence there. The land is situated on the banks of the Cowa Cowa River— The head chief was gone to War— He had lived with me at Parramatta and I knew him to be a very worthy Man and would make no objection to Mr Williams living there when he returned. It was therefore resolved to begin immediately to prepare a place for lodging the Stores and a temporary building for Mr Williams & family— The Natives belonging to the Village were [f] directed to collect the materials for a thatched building and to erect it with all possible dispatch as the Master of the Brampton was urgent to land the stores from the Vessel— The Day was very stormy and wet— we were not able to return to the Brampton which lay about 8 miles off. With some difficulty we reached the Queen Charlotte after dark very cold and wet and remained all night— We had the misfortune to have our Boat swampt along side the brig and lost our Oars— [Aug 8] Friday 8th This morning I visited the Revd T. Kendall & had some conversation with him relative to his unhappy situation. I thought it proper to prepare his mind a little before I delivered to him the Society’s Letter and the resolution containing the order for his dismission— He was considerably agitated at our first meeting. I felt much both for him and his Family— He appears to have been wholly under the dominion of ungovernable Lusts pride and passion with all their attendent Evils— I am convinced that he never will recover himself out of the snare of the Devil while he remains in New Zealand but will be lost to himself his family & ^the Society [f] [1823 Aug 8] and that there is no safety or comfort for him; or his family but in his removal from the Island. At present he seems determined not to leave New Zealand he told me he had the means of living within himself and he was resolved to remain— I did not think it prudent to argue much with him on the subject at this time as I should have other opportunities to speak to him when he would be more cool. I therefore left him and returned on board the Brampton with Mr Williams.  On my arrival I found the Revd Mr Turner had returned from Wangaroa— He brought me a Letter written by the desire of the Revd S Liegh who was so unwell that he could not write himself— Mr Liegh requested me to go over and see him, and arrange with the Chief (commonly called George) for the land they wished to settle upon as they could not come to any terms with him— From the account  Mr Turner gave me of Mr Lieghs health I was satisfied that he was totally unfit for his situation at Wangaroa— that he could not bear the privations and anxiety inseperably connected with a Missionary situation in a new station [f] in an heathen land— I determined if possible to visit him before my return to Port Jackson and see if any thing could be done to administer to his comfort and relief— Mr Turner pressed me much on the subject as he thought Mr Liegh was so ill that he was not likely ever to recover — [Aug 9] Saturday 9.  I remained on board all the day to arrange the necessary measures for landing the stores &c &c.  Mrs Williams and her children went to Kiddee Kiddee & Mrs Turner, her little Girl and maid servant were taken to Ranghee Ho untill some opportunity offered for Mr Turner and family joining their Mission at Wangaroa— [Aug 10] Sunday 10th— This day I preached at Rangee Hoo and administered the Holy sacrament in the morning. The Revd Mr Williams preached in the evening we had a quiet and comfortable day— The Natives were catechized by Mr Willm Hall and sang some Hymns and repeated some prayers in their own language which was exceedingly gratifying to my mind. I observed with much pleasure that the Natives on every place were much pleasure that the [f] Natives in every place were much improved in their appearance and manners since I last visited them— that notwithstanding the misconduct of the Europeans the work was gradually going on and the way preparing for the blessing of the Gospel to be imparted unto them. I have no doubt but the greatest difficulties are now over and God will either incline the Hearts of those who are now in New Zealand to devote themselves to the instruction of the Natives or he will find other instruments to do his work— The present Missionaries tho some of them have erred greatly from the right way yet they all have had their trials their fears and their troubles— some allowance must be made for their peculiar situation, their want of Christian Society, and the public ordinances of Religion, such privileges as are enjoyed by the Church of God in England— I have a lofty tree upon one of my Estates In N S Wales - It stands upon the summit of a high hill, when I first [f] got possession of the land, this tree was surrounded with many more— It appeared from its strength and stateliness that it would stand uninjured for ages— I removed all the rest and left it to stand alone as a conspicuous ornament when it soon withered and died— It still remains in its former situation a dead leafless object and has furnished me with many reflections at different times— Remove a Christian from London, who is having the fair fruits of righteousness like a tree planted by the water side, into the barren deserts of New Zealand and I apprehend he would in a short time put on a faded appearance and his leaves droop and wither— If Missionaries in heathen lands lose their spiritual strength which they are very liable to do— It would be happy for them if they could be removed for a time into Christian Society again until their strength is recruited and they are prepared for their work again—  [Aug 11] Monday 11.  This Morning I left Rangee Hoo and went on board [f] [1823 Aug 11] the Brampton where most of the Missionaries assembled in order to send off all the stores we could to Kiddee Kiddee before the Ship left her present anchorage.  It was the intention of the Master to take the Ship this day to the South side of the Harbour about nine miles from where we lay.  After the goods were sent off I accompanied the Revds J Butler & H Williams to the head of Tarria’s River, about six miles from the Vessel, in order to fix upon another new station.  After we had met the Chief and his people and determined upon the ground where the settlement was to be formed we gave directions to Natives to erect a temporary building for Mr S Butler and his Wife and they should immediately come and live among them as soon as it was ready— We afterwards returned to Rangheehoo about 12 miles distant where we arrived about sunset— In the Evening I called a special Committee when all the Missionaries were present, excepting Mr Willm Hall who [f] was absent on some other duty— We did not close our proceedings until about midnight.  At this Committee the resolutions of the Society were brought under consideration a second time and the respective Salaries were arranged and some other concerns connected with the Mission when the Committee was adjourned to another day— [Aug 12] Tuesday 12th This Morning we procured what  boards and other sawed timber we could from Mr Willm Hall for the purpose of erecting a temporary Building for the reception of the Revd H Williams and his baggage & stores at Pyheea in order that all his goods might be landed as soon as possible from the Brampton.  We hired a large War Canoe to take the boards &c to Mr Williams’s station about nine miles distant on the South side of the Harbour. We then proceeded on board the Brampton accompanied by the Revd J. Butler & Messrs Kemp & King in order that they might render what assistance they could to the Revd H Williams in the Landing his [f] stores, and securing them on shore— After all these matters were settled I paid a second visit to the Revd T  Kendall and delivered him my public Letter in which I had enclosed the  Revd J  Pratts public letter and the resolution of the Parent Committee containing his dismission from the Service of the Society— When I handed him my Letter, and communicated to him its contents, he said he would not open it— he was determined to send it home to his friends just as it was. I replied he would act in that respect as he thought proper, that as I had acquainted him verbally in what relation he now stood to the Society it was a matter of little consequence whether he opened my Letter or not. His conduct had compelled the society to withdraw its countenance and patronage from him and there was now an end of their connexion— I informed him that I was authorized to find him and his Family a passage to N S Wales and that he and his Family would return with me in the Brampton. He still persisted in his determination to remain in New Zealand— I recommended him to consider [f] the subject well, to consider his own situation in the island, the situation of his large family, the distressing prospect of his children had before them some of them were now growing up Men and Women, and what were they [to] do amongst the Heathen, they could not Marry amongst the Natives, and how were they to be settled in Life?  After advancing such reasons as I thought might weigh with Mr Kendall to induce him to leave N Zealand in his cooler moments I dropt the subject.  I think he will alter his determination in a few days when his present feelings subside—
	Since my arrival I had not lost any moment in examining the Natives relative to their Wars, their religion, Customs & Manners and, wishing to correct any Errors I might have fallen into for want of a more perfect knowledge of their language I entered into conversation with Mr Kendall upon these subjects.  I told him what inquiries I had made, and what information I had gained, and requested him to correct any mistake I might have committed.  I found Mr Kendall at considerable loss [f] [1823 Aug 12] to find English words and to arrange his ideas and to clothe them with such terms so as to enable me to conceive what he wished me to understand.  His reasoning upon the different subjects is so subtle and metaphysical that when he attempted to explain them I could not with the utmost exertion of my mental powers often comprehend what his meaning was— I am satisfied he has acquired a great knowledge of the Natives language and also of their customs and manners and Religion but whether he will ever be able to arrange these matters in a proper manner in inoffensive language so as to be of general benefit to those employed in the Mission is a matter of some doubt— By prying into the obscene customs and notions of the Natives with a viciated curiosity his own mind is become so poluted that it will be very difficult for him to purify his ideas so far as to render what he writes acceptable to the public eye, and to make himself at the same time understood.  The character and History of the N Zealanders would be very interesting, if it could be purely written— They are a noble race of Men— they are very religious in their way, and they are Men of the first capacity of mind [f] Men of great perseverance and enterprize & who never lose sight of an object that they set their mind upon until they obtain it— They are powerful reasoners upon every subject that has come within their knowledge possess a quick conception and  are well acquainted with human nature.  At present there is nothing in New Zealand but War to exercise their active minds.  Should the arts of peace in time open to them the field of commerce to find employment they will then have less inclination to War.  Upon all these subjects as well as on the general concerns of the Mission I spent several hours conversation with Mr Kendall this day and after dark returned on board the Brampton.  During the time I had been on shore the Snapper a small cutter had arrived from Port Jackson bound to the Society Islands. [Aug 13] Wednesday 13— It was resolved this morning to take up the Snapper to carry the Revd Mr & Mrs Turner, and the Societys stores to Whangaroa to join the Revds Liegh & White as there was no prospect of their getting to their Station by any other conveyance.  As the Revd S Liegh was so very ill and could not settle with the Natives about the Land [f] and so earnestly solicited me to visit their station I determined to embark in the Snapper and it was arranged for her to sail in the Afternoon. The Weather became very stormy before all the Stores were on board, so that our Sailing was put off until the following Morning.  I expected to return before all the Stores were landed from the Brampton so as to complete my other business before she was ready for Sea— [Aug 14] Thursday 14.  At daylight this Morning I embarked on board the Snapper a very small Vessel carrying about 30 tons.  The wind was very fresh and against us, when we got out to Sea the Cutter jumped about much. We had to work up against the wind the distance between the two Harbours is between forty and fifty miles— Late in the Evening we arrived opposite the mouth of the Harbour of Wangaroa, but could not get in.  We therefore lay off until daylight.  [Aug 15] Friday 15th— The Wind was against us getting in; we got the Boat a head and several Canoes came out and towed us into the Harbour.  About 12 we came to Anchor— Shortly after George the Chief and several more with him came on board.  I requested George to take charge of the Vessel untill I and the Master returned from visiting Mr Liegh who resided about eight [f] miles higher up the River— The Revd Mr & Mrs Turner accompanied us to the Missionary Settlement where we found Mr Liegh very ill— The Master returned that Evening to the Vessel but I remained all night with Mr Liegh. Many whom I had seen before came to visit me and rejoiced that I had come again to see them— As soon as I saw the state Mr Liegh was in I recommended him to return with me to Port Jackson— He wanted more care more comforts and Medical Advice— These were not to be procured in Wangaroa— I felt much for Mrs Turner a young Woman who would now be left without any Female companion but a young Girl she had taken from Port Jackson— Mrs Turner has one young Child at the Breast. It was the opinion of Mr Lieghs colleagues as well as my own, that his weak state of Health required his speedy removal. The Revds White & Turner are both young Men, they have a very trying situation as they must want experience.  I hope they will do well and conduct themselves with Patience and Perseverance.  Young Men are apt to be too soon angry and if they fall into this Error they will often be very uneasy— They will have much to [f] [1823 Aug 15] bear with from the heathens untill become better acquainted with their customs and manners.  Saturday 16— Early this morning Messrs White & Turner went down to the Snapper after the Stores & Baggage. I remained with Mr Liegh as George had not yet returned, we took a walk to view the land they wished to purchase in order that an arrangement might be made for it as soon as he arrived— While we were in the Field we heard down the River a regular discharge of Muskets which was kept up for some time.  I was very much alarmed at this report fearing lest some of the Sailors had insulted some of the Natives, and that a serious quarrel had been the consequence. I was very anxious to go down to the Vessel as soon as possible to learn the cause of the Guns being fired and immediately returned and went down to the River side in order to get a Canoe— The tide was down and I could not go untill the return of the tide— Georges brother Tippahee saw I was alarmed and wished to know the cause— I told him that several Muskets had been fired down the Harbour [f] and I was afraid some difference had taken place between the Natives and the Europeans. He told me I need not be under any apprehension for if any injury was done to the Europeans Shungee would kill a number of them— While we were standing upon the banks of the River some natives arrived and informed us that a party had returned from the War and the Guns we had heard had been fired on the occasion which removed all our fears.  In about an Hour afterwards Messrs White & Turner returned from the Vessel and told me the master wished me to go down as he was very uneasy in consequence of such numbers of Natives assembling about the Snapper. I determined to comply with his request in order to prevent any difference.  Before I set off George returned, we examined the Land fixed the boundaries and made an agreement and the business was finally settled— I told George I was going down to the Cutter he came to the Boat with me in order to accompany me— When we got to the Wharf we found Mr Turner had very imprudently left Mr Hobbs Tool Chest in the Boat without any person to take care of it— It had been [f] broken open and several things carried off— George threw off all his Matts apparently in a dreadful Rage and said he would put the Chief to instant Death. A number of his People were about him, he demanded to know who had committed the theft and was total that one of his brothers Slaves had done it and was run off with the property— He took a spear and ran up the bank of the River, and in about ten minutes returned with some of the Articles and said he had speared the thief, but I do not believe he did— As we went down in the Boat he expressed his indignation against a thief, and how determined he was to punish all thieves with death— I believe this was all a mere pretence— We talked over the business of the Boyde. He told me how he had been insulted and despised for cutting off the Boyde by the different tribes and what trouble it had given him as they would not be reconciled to him on that account.  He said he should wish to visit Port Jackson again but he was afraid that he would by hung if he went— He thought he might now [f] venture, as he had got some Europeans at his Settlement, they would be a security for him and if he should be hung, his people would hang the Europeans— He asked me if I would take care of him if he should venture, I told him I would, and the reason why the Governor at Port Jackson would not hang him now was because the Captain of the Boyde flogged him first— George replied that he should not do any thing of the kind again, as he knew better now. At the same time he would not venture yet to Port Jackson, but that his Brothers Daughter should go along with Mrs Liegh and if she was not hung he would afterwards go himself. We had a very dark and stormy passage to the Vessel with very heavy Rain— When I got on board I found all quiet the Natives had behaved well— I laid down in my Cloathes for the night very cold and very wet— [Aug 17] Sunday 17.  Last night was very dreadful for wind and Rain which still continued [f] [1823 Aug 17] After Breakfast I left the Vessel to go up to the Missionary station as we had agreed to administer the Lords Supper before. The Revd S Liegh and I left them.  It rained very heavy so that I arrived very wet— After I had changed my cloathes we had divine service, the Sacrament administered and Mrs Shepherd churched, having been confined about three weeks.  Tho God is in every place yet “he loves the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob”— nothing tends more to maintain the life of God in the soul of Man than to meet in the assembly of his Saints in his public house of prayer— [Aug 18] Monday 18th This morning the Revd S Liegh and Mr Shepherd prepared to send off their baggage to the Cutter— It had been apprehended that the Natives would not allow them to take away their property if they allowed themselves to go away.  The Missionaries at Rangee Hoo mentioned this to me before I came to Wangaroa, however this difficulty was soon removed.  The Natives made no objections and the whole of their effects were quietly sent on board without the smallest loss.  It was agreed now that Georges niece should go along with Mrs Liegh— Her father [f] was very anxious to know from me whether she would be hung or not— He said we are reconciled to you but we cannot believe that you are reconciled to us but will demand sacrifices for the people of the Boyde.  It is a law amongst them to have life for life and they do not believe that there is any other mode of appeasing the wrath of the Deity but by human sacrifices— It will be impossible to remove these peoples fears untill they have some proof that we will not revenge the loss of the people of the Boyde— Their Religion would not allow them to pass over unpunished such an act and they cannot believe that our Religion will allow us— [Aug 19] Tuesday 19th  It was intended that the Cutter should sail this morning for the Bay of islands, we rose about 3 OClock in order to prepare and as soon as the remainder of the Baggage were embarked in the Boat and Canoe we left the Missionary Settlement— The Chief’s daughter accompanied us after taking an affectionate leave of her friends who all wept much— Her Father was very anxious [f] about her, and accompanied us to the Vessel— He repeatedly asked me, if his daughter would be hung when she arrived in N S Wales. .I assured him to the contrary, he requested if she should that I would send her body home that he might see her bones— When we arrived at the Cutter we found George on board and the Vessel crowded with Natives on deck, and on every side with Canoes— We immediately got under weigh—George gave me an Hog, and his Wife a Mat at parting.— He wept much when he took his leave of the Revd Mr & Mrs Liegh. I requested him to be kind to the Missionaries which he promised to do— Many of the Chiefs belonging to another tribe who reside in and near the entrance of the Harbour had just returned from an expedition to the Southward.  I had not seen them since my arrival untill now— They expressed much satisfaction at my coming to visit them again and wished much to have a Missionary to reside with them— I made them a few presents of such things as I had and at 10 OClock [f] we cleared the heads of Wangaroa with a strong fair wind and about 7 OClock the same Evening anchored in Korarrica Bay, when I went on board the Brampton for the night— There were some Chiefs on board— They spoke to me respecting the Revd T. Kendalls conduct and we had a long conversation on the subject— I explained to them the reason why Mr Kendall was no longer considered as a Missionary, that he had taken the daughter of a New Zealand Chief to live with him as his Wife, which was contrary to our customs and Laws, and that good Men in England had only one Wife and that by so doing he had offended his friends.  They admitted he had done wrong but contended that as he was not living with the young Woman now, his misconduct should be forgotten— [Aug 20] Wednesday 20th— I have been fully engaged this day in the different concerns of the Mission— Messrs Butler and Hall & Kendall were all on board [f] [1823 Aug 20] I had much conversation with the Revd T. Kendall upon the concerns of the Mission and his own unhappy situation— I am inclined to think that he will consent in time to leave N Zealand— His mind has been greatly poluted by studying the abominations of the Heathen and his ideas are very Heathenish. No change will ever be produced in his sentiments & feelings while he remains here— He never will recover from his fall as he is now as a Man without strength and in the most awful state as it respects his Soul. “Strangers have devoured his strength and he knoweth it not”— [Aug 21] Thursday 21— I remained on board in consequence of the stormy weather. I was informed that when Mr Cowell left Rangee Hoo the Natives would pull down the House he had lived in— where Mr Kendall formerly resided. I knew that some of the Natives were very angry at that settlement on account of Mr Kendalls dismission, yet I could not believe that they would proceed to do such an act of violence— I spoke to two of the Chiefs who happened to be on Board on the subject and told them what I [f] had heard, they replied, that it was a most wicked report, that I might be assured that nothing of that kind would happen— I spent much of the day in conversation with the Natives respecting their wars their religion and their country which was very interesting. Some of the Chiefs had travelled much into the interior, and described many places where the land was level for several days journies and the Soil good— They described high lands covered with snow and internal Lakes and hot springs situated to the Southward and a great population. All their fine mats and carvings are done at the Southwards which as yet remains unknown to the Europeans— [Aug 22] Friday 22— This Morning I went on shore to see the Revd H Williams— I found all things going on well, the Natives had been very attentive and had rendered every assistance in their power— The public Store was nearly completed and all the stores were safely lodged in it without the loss of a Nail— Three temporary buildings will soon be completed the Store & the Houses for the [f] Revd Mr Williams & Fairburn the carpenter— I remained with Mr Williams a good part of the day and before I returned on board we agreed to visit the upper part of the Cowa Cowa River the following Morning.  The situation Mr Williams occupies is a very important one as he may have a very large school ^of young children in a short time— The inhabitants generally are orderly and well behaved. Natives from very remote parts are in the constant habit of visiting this station either as Prisoners of War, or to see their friends— [Aug 23] Sept 23  Early this morning I set off to the upper part of the Cowa Cowa River accompanied by the master of the Brampton.  On our way I visited several Natives on the Banks; very considerable ^cultivation was going on upon the banks of the River where no culture had been attempted before when I visited this district.  The Revd H. Williams had agreed to go with us but he was detained at his New Station for some time and about 2 OClock, he came up to us.— I returned with him a little before dark on board the Brampton with an intention to go on Shore with him for the Night in [f] order that we might set off early the next morning for Kiddee Kiddee, but I found myself so unwell from fatigue & want of rest that I declined going with Mr Williams and he returned on Shore alone— After Mr Williams was gone several chiefs came on board— One named  Towa, the Son of the Chief Tippahee a very fine young Man who had resided with me at Parramatta more than twelve months addressed me and said Mr Kendall had informed him that day that he was going to leave New Zealand and they wished to know if Mr Kendall had been dismissed as a Missionary, for selling Muskets and Gun-powder to the New Zealanders.  To this I replied that Mr Kendall was directed by the gentlemen in England who had sent him out as [a] Missionary not to sell Muskets & Powder— That it was ^not the custom in England for Clergymen to sell Muskets and Powder, and that no Missionary could be allowed to sell them in New Zealand— As several of the Chiefs who were present had been at Port Jackson I observed that the Clergymen there did not sell Muskets & Powder— [f] [1823 Aug 23] They knew that I had not one musket in my  House and that they had never seen any when they were with me— They replied they knew what I said was true.  I further added we did not interfere with the Government of New Zealand; they did what they pleased and that the Missionaries ought to be allowed to do what they pleased.  Towa said that was but just and observed we are at present in the same state as the Otaheitans were some time back— The Otaheitans wanted only Muskets and Powder, and would have nothing else, and now as they know better they wanted none and that the New Zealanders would care nothing about them when they knew better which they would in time, but time must be allowed them to learn better, that he had gone to War some time ago, but he never would go again.  All the Chiefs acquiesced in the observations Towa made— I was happy to find that their minds were so enlarged and that they had begun to take such proper views of the subject. I said Towa’s remarks upon the conduct of the Otaheitans were very just and told them that the Queen Charlotte Brig which had sailed from the Bay of islands the preceeding Day, belonged to the young King Pomarre, that the Otaheitans had sent Oil and various [f] other articles to Port Jackson for which they had received in return Tea Sugar Flour and such cloathing as they wanted and that the New Zealanders might in time have a Ship of their own to procure Sperm Oil Spars &c &c which they would sell at Port Jackson, and that many of them were able to kill the Whales having been employed on board the Whalers— When they got a vessel of their own they would soon be equal to the Otaheitans and give over their cruel Wars.  They expressed much pleasure in the idea of having a Vessel of their own to enable them to procure what they want— After we had closed our conversation upon these subjects I called their attention to Mr Kendalls conduct in another respect— I told them that the Gentlemen who had sent Mr Kendall to New Zealand were not only angry with him for selling Muskets and Powder but for having two Wives that in England a Man was only allowed to have one Wife— that King George himself could only have one Wife that the Govr at Port Jackson had only one, that Mr Kendall had violated our Laws and our Religion, and that for being guilty of so great an offence he had been dismissed from the service of the Society and he was at liberty now to act as thought proper— [f] but that it would be better for him to leave New Zealand— Towhee, a Chief, was present, for whom the Young  Woman Mr Kendall had taken to live with him had been tabooed, or set apart;  and he said Mr Kendall ought to leave New Zealand— I told them he should go along with me in the Brampton— The Chiefs were satisfied that Mr Kendall had violated our Laws and Customs and had brought all his distress upon himself— Tho’ Mr Kendall had not informed me as yet of his intention to leave New Zealand I was happy to find that the Chiefs were willing that he should return to Port Jackson, with the exception of one family the Father and friends of the young Woman with whom he had cohabited, and they were not yet reconciled, and had taken care to keep very much out of my way— [Aug 24] Sunday 24 — Early this morning I left the Brampton in order to accompany the Revd H Williams to Kiddee Kiddee 16 miles distant— we purposed to be up to Morning Service, but did not arrive in time— In the Evening we attended the catechizing the Natives.  They sang several Hymns in their own language and repeated some Prayers— I was much gratified with the progress they had made [f] since last visit and the prospect this afforded of their future Welfare.  There can be no doubt of the success of this Mission if those employed in it will only do their duty— The children are as fine subjects to work upon as any in the known World.  After we had heard the Natives perform their Service, I expounded a portion of the Scriptures, and the Evening concluded with our united worship of that God who has made of one Blood all Nations that dwell upon the face of all the Earth— The voice of joy and gladness shall yet be heard in the barren deserts of N. Zealand.  The Divine promises must be fulfilled which assure us that in that great multitude which no man can number there shall be same of every nation Kindred Tongue and People.
[Aug 25] Monday 25_ I had summoned a full Committee to meet at Kiddee Kiddee today, and early this morning prepared the different subjects which I wished to bring under considerations relative to the Expenditure of the Public stores, the Public Buildings Schools &c &c.  The Committee met at the appointed time, and we did not close our deliberations untill after 12 OClock at night.  A Mass of evils required close investigation [f] [1823 Aug 25] and many of the subjects were very painful to consider— I trust the regulations and resolutions which I proposed and which were adopted will restrain many evils if not cure them— When Men have got a great way out of the right path, they do not like to return again to the place from whence they erred— This is the situation with some in the Mission— It is awful to think how they have fallen and how much advantage Satan has gained over them— I much fear some will never benefit the Mission their minds and habits are not calculated for the work they have engaged in— There is no consideration can induce a Man to do habitually, what he has an habitual aversion to do— Missionary work is very hard work unless the heart is fully engaged in it— A Sin will always be in that mans way who cannot bend his mind to the instruction of the Natives— The sooner such a one leaves the work, the better it will be for himself and the Mission—
[Aug 26] Tuesday 26 – This morning we met again for furthur deliberation, and continued untill after mid-day, when most of the subjects under consideration were finally closed, so that I enjoyed a little quiet in the Evening.  I had been very much harassed [f] since I arrived— I was apprehensive the Brampton would be ready for Sea before I had completed the object of my visit to New Zealand, and the Captain  informed me he would Sail immediately the Ship was ready— [Aug 27] Wednesday 27—I entered this morning into the consideration of the Salaries allowed the Revd J Butler and his Son, Mr Butler wished me to confirm the Bills he had drawn upon England and to allow him the same Salary for himself and Son for the last year which he had drawn for the former year— At this rate their Salaries for two years from the 1st of October 1821 to 1st of Octobr 1823 would have amounted to £600 sterling —This I objected to— I had considerable difficulty in settling his account and never could close it to my own satisfaction— About one OClock I left Kiddee Kiddee to fix upon a new station for Mr Shepherd— On my way down the River I went up the River Wypoppa which falls into the Kiddee Kiddee to see if I could find a fall of water convenient for a Water Mill at some future period— I met with a very suitable situation for the purpose very central for all the Missionary stations— A Boat may go up at all times to the very foot of the fall where the Mill may be erected— There [f] is a natural dam of Rock across the River over which the River falls between 10 & 12 feet above the level of the water below.  I then proceeded to Rangee Hoo and arrived in the Evening— I now was determined to see the Chief with whose Daughter Mr Kendall had cohabited— I had sent to her Brother before and he sent me word that he was ashamed to see me— The chief informed Mrs Hall that he also was ashamed to see me— I went into the Villiage and called upon the old chief— He was at home and his Sons, Daughters, and Wife with him— They seemed much embarrassed at first— at length the young Woman’s Sister-in-law said she understood that I would not allow Mr Kendall to have any more Sugar Tea Axes Hoes spades &c or any provisions— The conversation relative to the young Woman and Mr Kendall became general— The young Woman was sitting by me— They admitted Mr Kendall had lived with her as his Wife, but that he was not living with her now, and that as he had left the young Woman, his conduct should not be noticed now— They also said the other Missionaries did not like Mr Kendall and that they were as bad as he was— This I denied and mentioned the names of five Missionaries and asked them if [f] they were bad, they said no, but they mentioned others,— I told them what our laws were with respect to Marriage and that Mr Kendall had broken those laws, and on that account his friends in England were angry with him. One of ye Young Woman’s Sisters who is married admitted that it was best for one Man and one woman to live together as Man and Wife, but she was of opinion that Mr Kendall should not be punished any more as he was not now living with her Sister— She said when Shungee returned from the Wars he would not allow the Missionaries to live at Kiddee Kiddee— I replied if Shungee did not wish the Missionaries to live at his place I would send a Ship and take them to Port Jackson, and that the Missionaries did not come to New Zealand for any thing that they had to give them— for they had plenty of provisions and cloathes in their own country— I appealed to her Husband and Brother who both had lived with me, if we had not plenty of every thing in Port Jackson, and did not want any thing from them— which they admitted— That the Missionaries came only for their good and when they wished them to leave [f] [1823 Aug 27] they should— I told her I did not believe that Shungee would be angry when he returned for he had no cause— This old Chief and his family could not bear the idea of Mr Kendalls leaving the Island, because he had been the chief support of the whole of them,— and they were sensible of the loss they would sustain when he went— Before I left them I promised the old chief a few presents and his Sons, and we parted mutual friends—
[Aug 28] Thursday 28 Early this morning I sent for Warrie pork— one of Shungees Principal Officers in the late War between him and Enakkee, chief  at the River Thames, in order that I might learn the origin and event of the War; when he gave me the following account—
Several years ago a Vessel from Port Jackson took a young Woman from Wangaree a Chiefs Sister named Tammoranga and carried her along with them by force to the Southward, where they sold her to another chief for some Mats.  The Chief who purchased her, took her for his Wife, but she did not like him, in consequence of which the Chief put her to death— Sometime afterwards the Ship King George belonging to Port Jackson was at or near the East cape when a Native came in her to the Bay of Islands [f] from ^whom Tammoranga heard the fate of his Sister— Tammoranga according to their Laws, was bound to revenge her death— About three years ago when the Corromandel lay in the Thames taking in Timber, Tammoranga determined to send an expedition against the Chief at the Southward and gave directions accordingly— His tribe assembled and  on their way they stopt at the River Thames in Ennakkees district— Enakkee and Tammoranga were both on board the Corromandel at the time— Tammorangas People while they lay there robbed Enakkees potatoe grounds, and were seen by Enakkee[s] people to carry them away— About a week afterwards Enakkees slaves fell in with a near relation of Tammorangas a chief named Towakka, and killed him— Tammoranga was very much enraged but he was not able to revenge his death at that time— When the Corromandel sailed for Port Jackson Enakkee went to see the Colony in her— When Towhee a Chief belonging to Timmorangas tribe determined to revenge the Death of Towakkee— In about a month he set off from the Bay of islands to the Thames— When Towhee arrived he made an attack upon Showpas tribe, who were at amity with Enakkee’s, and [f] killed one Chief and five common people, when he returned home— Shortly afterwards Shoupas Son came to Wangaree to revenge the death of their chief whom Towhee had killed, upon Towhee’s tribe; and killed a Chief belonging to Shungee— Shungee was not yet returned from England; while Ennakkee was at Port Jackson, Shungee arrived there. Ennakkee informed him of the difference that had taken place between him and Temmaranga in consequence of Tawakka being killed by Enakkees slaves— Shungee asked Ennakkee what he intended to do, whether on his return he would go to War or he would be quiet— Enakkee was inclined for War— Shungee recommended him to give over fighting.  Enakkee asked Shungee to give him a Bill-hook which he had brought from England, which he did— Shungee gave him also a p[ai]r of Pistols, and a  red Shawl, and Enakkee agreed to give Shungee on their return to New Zealand a War Canoe— These mutual presents were tokens of mutual friendship. When Shungee arrived in New Zealand he made enquiry after different Chiefs his former friends and was informed that the Chief of Tootookakka had been killed by Shoupa’s people who were in alliance with Enakkee— Shungee was very much enraged when he heard that his [f] friends had been killed, and determined to go down to the Thames to see Enakkee to demand satisfaction— He assembled his forces, and took with him sixty War Canoes which formed a powerful Army— As soon as Shungee and his army arrived within sight of Enakkees Settlement he looked thro his glass and saw Enakkees colours flying.  He called his Officers and asked them if they saw Enakkees colours, they answered they did.  Enakkee also blew his trumpet, and Shungee observed him drest in his Regimentals amongst his people— Shungee then told his Officers that Enakkee was determined to give them Battle.  Shungee then put on his coat of Mail, his sword, Helmit and red-coat— Wycatto also put on his Regimentals and they walked in the front of the Army— Shungee blew his trumpet and watched thro’ his glass Ennakees movements— Shungee was a little afraid of Enakkee, his Army being very strong— Shungee then called his eldest Son Charles, a youth about 16 or 17 years of age, and desired him to take a long spear, and tie an handkerchief at the end of it— and take a Chief and a few more Men with him and bear it as a Flag of truce towards Enakkees army; as Shungee wished to have a parley with Enakkee before any action took place— [f] [1823 Aug 28] When Enakkee observed Shungee’s Son with the Flag advancing towards his camp, he sent out his eldest Son Rupee with a spear in one hand and a tomahawk in the other, to shew that he would come to no parley— When Charles & the chief came within Gun shot Enakkee fired and shot the Chief thro the head— when he fell— Charles and his little Party now turned and ran to their own Camp— Shungee was looking thro’ his glass and saw the Chief fall— Shungees Son cried much, and the whole army sat down, and mourned untill afternoon— In the Evening Shungee walked about to see if he could not fall in with him.  Both Armies continued in their stations for three Days— On the morning of the fourth day with two or three chiefs Shungee advanced towards Enakkees Army in the sight of both Armies. Enakkee came forward to meet him— Shungee had his coat of Mail on and his sword, but no Gun— his helmit also, and Regimental Coat— Shungee put both his Arms under his coat of mail to show Enakkee that he came peaceably, and that he wished to come to some terms of reconciliation with him— Enakkee was dressed in English Regimentals.  When Shungee advanced he took off his helmit made a bow & saluted Enakkee— Enakkee turned on one side, and spurned his compliment— Shungee said he did not wish to fight, Enakkee said he was determined to fight, Shungee said “I have seen King George as you may see by my War mat (a coat of mail) my sword and helmit. Enakkee [f] replied “I have seen General Macquarie.” Shungee said he was very strong— Enakkee replied he was not afraid to meet him for he was strong too. Shungee then proposed to deliver up his eldest Son as an Hostage to Enakkee, if Enakkee would deliver up his Son to him, and that this should be the condition of their reconciliation, but Enakkee would hearken to no terms of accommodation.  Shungee then took off his Helmit, and said to Enakkee “Do you see my face” Enakkee answered “Yes”.  Shungeee replied “You shall see my face no more untill we meet in Battle,” and then bowed and returned to his own Army and told them what had past— He desired his Men to get their dinners and to prepare for Battle, as soon as they could for he was determined to fight that day.  The Men threw off their common mats put on all their War Matts and prepared for Action.  When they were ready Shungee marched before them— When they came near Enakkees Army Shungee wished to speak to Enakkee again, who appeared like a mad Man.  His Officers advised him against it lest Enakkee should Shoot him— However he advanced and fired his Musket into the Air— Enakkee fired and hit Shungee on the side when the ball was turned off by Shungees Coat of Mail— When one of Enakkees people rushed forward and struck Shungee behind the Head [f] with one of their Marees or stone weapons of War, and knocked Shungee ^down— Warriepork was near Shungee.  He called aloud for him to succour him, when the man who knocked Shungee down was instantly killed by a shot from Shungee when on the ground— Enakkee also fired a Pistol at Shungee, one of them which Shungee had given him at Port Jackson, but without effect— Enakkee then rushed forward with his Bayonet fixed, to stab Shungee while on the ground— when two of Shungees officers Riva & Eve that instant fired and shot Enakkee when he fell— Warree pork was speared at the same time thro’ the Arm by one of Enakkees men— Shungee as soon as he recovered from the blow he had received ordered the Villiage to be set on fire which was crouded with Enakkees people— The Battle then became general— In the midst of the contest Warree pork was anxious to save as many of the Children of the Chief as he possibly could, and carried 25 off the field to a place of safety tho’ he himself was speared.  Ten of these he restored to their friends before he left the Thames, and 15 he brought with him to the Bay of Islands as prisoners of War— but has since returned them all— As soon as the Battle became general, Shungee and he was sure of Victory, & ordered all Enakkees auxiliaries to lay down their arms, and fly into the woods, as he [f]  only wished to destroy the strength of Enakkees tribe— Many saved themselves by flight— Such Children of the common people whose Mothers were killed in the action were put to death, and such children whose Mothers were alive to take care of them were saved alive and both made prisonners of War— Warree pork appears to have acted a very kind and humane part both in the time of action and since— He has given up his prisonners of War and returned them to their friends— many of them have gone home since I arrived— He lived with me sometime at Parramatta— He is a very Brave, Active, and well disposed young Man— From the whole of the account given me by Warree pork— Shungee appears either from fear or inclination to have had no wish for War, but to have come to some friendly terms with Enakkee— It was also kind in Shungee to spare Enakkees friends and to save the lives of the Children of the Chiefs— I have seen at the Bay of islands several Chiefs from the River Thames who had not returned since the War, who informed me that Shungee behaved well when he was there— When Shungee returned from the War he confirmed what Warree pork had stated—
I had no sooner taken down the above account of Warree pork in Mr Hall’s house than I observed thro’ the Window the Brampton under weigh about six miles off— The Captain had been informed by the [f] [1823 Aug 28] Natives that there was some fine spars about 30 miles to the Southward at a place called Tootookakka he therefore had determined to go there and take some in if there was an Harbour for the Ship to lay safe, when I was in New Zealand before I had observed the spars at a distance when at Sea, but had not examined them on shore.  I determined to go down in the Vessel and immediately got a Boat and went on board.  We had three Chiefs with us who  were interested in the timber— An American Vessel called the Cossack had been lately wrecked in coming out of the Gambier River on the west side of New Zealand commonly called by the Natives Shukee Hanga— The loss of the Vessel has been a subject of much conversation amongst the New Zealanders— The chiefs gave me the following reasons for the loss— There are two rocks on the south side of the entrance of the Harbour, which they considered Sacred being the residence of the God of the winds and waves— The sailors belonging to the Cossack paid no respect to these Rocks, but struck them with Hammers— The Natives cautioned them against doing so, and intreated them not to touch them for if they did, their God would be angry— The Sailors paid no attention to what the Natives said— When the Cossack got out of the Harbour upon the Bar, the God of the rocks got under her bottom and in great anger danced under her and threw her up and down like a Ball— [f] The Master let go his Anchor to hold her but the angry God cut the Anchor (not the cables) at the bottom of the Sea and threw the Vessel up untill he dashed her to pieces— The Cossack would have met with no accident if the Sailors had not provoked the God of the Winds and Waves by striking the sacred Rocks. This is universally believed by the New Zealanders. When I visited that River and came near these Rocks they begged I would not touch them lest I died— Such is the present superstition of these people— I had seen some of the Sailors who were on board the Cossack when she was lost who gave me the following account of her Wreck— The wind had been blowing hard from the South west which had caused a very great surff upon the Bar— They left the Harbour with a light Breeze— The master thought the wind was sufficient to carry the Vessel thro the surff, but when they got out upon the Bar the wind failed them, and the surff overpowered the Vessel and she became a perfect wreck— No property was saved and no lives were lost— The Natives were very kind to them when they got on shore—
[Aug 29] Friday 29— This morning we were off the harbour of Tootookakka— The boat was hoisted out and Capt Moore went to examine the entrance— He returned in about 3 hours and reported that there were plenty of spars, but not sufficient Water for a large ship in the harbour, and that the [f] entrance was very narrow. He now determined to return to the Bay of Islands for which we immediately made Sail with a fine Breeze, and arrived at the Mouth of the Harbour at the close of the evening.  The Wind being now against us we lay off and on all night— [Aug 30] Saturday 30th— This morning was very fine we had made little progress during the night, and the wind still continued against us— About eleven OClock AM we observed a Boat making towards the Ship when she came along side we found she was from Wangaroa with the Revd Mr White who was going to Kiddee [Kiddee]— I immediately left the Brampton with Mr  White we called on our way at Rangee Hoo and then proceeded to Kiddee Kiddee where we arrived in the Evening.— The Revd S. Liegh & Mrs Liegh had left the Brampton when she sailed to Tootookakka, as he was very weak and poorly and had taken up their lodging with the Revd J Butler— we found all the other brethren well—
[Aug 31] Sunday 31— This day the Revd J Butler read prayers and I preached, when we administered the Holy Sacrament, present the Revds Liegh & White, Mrs Liegh, Mr Butler Mrs Kemp Mrs Shepherd Mrs Puckey& Messrs Kemp Shepherd & Puckey— How thankful should Christians be for the Sabbath and ordinances of Religion— What comfort and support do they administer to the pious soul! Without the divine ordinances, how feeble and how languid would the [f] best of christians be— We never can be sufficiently thankful for these privileges— The Psalmist loved Gods House, the place where his honor dwelleth and so does every Christian— How much more delightful is it to meet in the great congregation in Gods holy temple than in any of the dwellings of Jacob— in any private house whatever.  There is something so solemn so sacred in Gods house where the Saints meet to pray, and to praise him, that the pious Soul relishes Religion better here than in any other place— because God hath put his name there and has promised to meet his people there at all times—
[Sep. 1] Sepr 1.— This morning I drew up some Regulations for the future Government of the Mission and wrote a public Letter to the Missionaries relative to their past and future conduct; exhorting them to repent of what they had done amiss; and warning them of the consequences of sinning in time to come— When I reflect upon the dreadful evils that have crept in amongst the Missionaries I am astonished that the Mission has not been completely annihilated.  That it should ever have existed in the midst of so much wickedness, so much contention, so much unfaithfulness, in the servants of the Mission affords a strong proof in my judgment that God will carry on the work, and that the wickedness of Man shall not prevent him— Amongst [f] [1823 Sep 1] those who have been employed in the Mission and set apart for the work, some have been weak and lead astray; Some have been wicked & have fallen from their steadfastness, and wounded the cause, others have been idle and unfaithful; others have been wor[l]dly minded, and have lost sight of the interest of the Mission by paying too great attention to their own welfare— The Mission has not only suffered for the   want of support from those whom the christian World supported, but from powerful secular enemies and Infidels who have strove to over throw it altogether— But blessed be God, it still maintains its ground— Some have been faithful like Caleb and Joshua, and these will take the land as certain as ever Joshua and Caleb put the Israelites in full possession of the land of Canaan— difficulties of every kind must be fairly met and opposed, and the Christian World must be determined to plant the Gospel Standard upon the strong-holds and fortifications of the prince of darkness, and his Kingdom will finally fall— Known unto God are all his works from the beginning, and he will accomplish his divine purposes whatever instruments are employed in the work— He appointed Saul King over Israel, as well as David the Man after his own heart and accomplished his divine will by them both— About one OClock I left Kiddee Kiddee in order to hold a Committee [f] at the station of the Revd H. Williams in the Cowa Cowa where I had summoned all the Missionaries to attend— We set upon public business untill a late hour, and afterwards remained in his Hut for the night —[Sep 2] Sept 2.  This Morning we closed the business we entered upon last night.  I now considered all the public concerns arranged as far as I could— After Breakfast I went on board the Brampton and agreed with the master for the passage of the following persons to Port Jackson— The Revd Mr & Mrs Liegh, the Revd T Kendall and family, and Mr Cowell & family being 15 persons in the whole— I afterwards called upon Mr Kendall to arrange with him for the delivering up of all the public stores in his possession, and purchased his sawed timber towards building the Revd Mr Williams House &c &c and afterwards crossed the Harbour to inform Mr Williams what I had done, in order that he might take immediate steps to remove the Stores Timber &c &c to prevent any disputes with the Natives afterwards, when Mr Kendall was gone;— and then proceeded to Kiddee Kiddee where I arrived after dark extremely cold, having been several Hours upon the water— Wednesday [Sep 3] Sept 3d— Today I took my leave of Kiddee Kiddee with an intention to return no more this Voyage— I went to visit Mr Samuel Butlers Station about 14 miles [f] from Kiddee. The Revds Butler & White accompanied me— We had a very rough passage, the wind was strong and the Sea high, but arrived safe in the Afternoon— The Natives had built a comfortable temporary House for Mr S Butler, and were all very busy in different kinds of labour— This is a very important station if attention is only paid to the Natives children— the inhabitants are numerous and well-behaved— The head Chief is one of the tallest and stoutest Men I have seen in New Zealand a Relative of Shungee’s— I made the Natives a few presents of such articles as I had, and in the Evening returned with the Revd Mr White to Rangee Hoo who was on his way to Wangaroa— We arrived in the Cove just at dark and took up our lodgings for the night with Mr William Hall— at whose house we held a prayer-meeting— I had some conversation with Messrs Hall & King relative to the instruction of the Children— They promised to begin immediately Mr Cowell embarked.  [Sep 4] Thursday 4— This morning I sent for the old chief  Rakow the Father of the Young Woman Mr Kendall had cohabited with in order to see if I could pacafy him & his family to Mr Kendalls departure— When he came he was greatly agitated— He laid hold of me with both his hands and squeezed me as if I had been in a Vice, and said I [f] would give Mr Kendall no more Hoes, Axes, Spades &c &c and remonstrated with me in strong terms against Mr Kendall’s departure. He represented the other Missionaries as inimical to Mr Kendall, and contended that Mr Kendall ought not to leave New Zealand, but be supported— After the old Man had given vent to his feelings he was a little more cool.   I made him a present of a Blanket and a few edge tools which reconciled him a little— while we were talking several Natives came in and amongst the number  Wycotto, whom I had not seen before.  The whole of Rakows family and friends were much ashamed to see me on account of Mr Kendalls conduct— Wycotto said he was ashamed.  They all manifested much propriety of feeling.  I told them Mr Kendall was the person who was to blame, that I had no cause to be angry with them, nor was I angry with them— that Mr Kendall had offended the Gentlemen who had sent him out, and supported him, by acting contrary to their instructions and our Laws, and that they could not any longer be his friends— After much conversation upon these subjects they all seemed more satisfied and easy— I asked Wycotto to accompany me on board the Brampton, and I would make him a few presents, he replied he was ashamed to ask me for any thing, but he would go with me— As it was the last time I intended to be at Rangee Hoo I thought it prudent to invite Rakows Son Warreepork whom I have already mentioned to go with me to Parramatta as it would tend to quiet the old Chief and his [f] [1823 Sep 4] family— When all these matters were arranged I took my leave of Messrs King & Hall & their families, and the Natives of Rangeehoo— Wycotto accompanied me on board; I was very happy to learn that he behaved well to the Missionaries since his return from England— We had much conversation upon the state of New Zealand— He told me he had accompanied Shungee once in his Wars since his arrival from England against Ennakkee, in which Enakkee was killed,— and that many fell on both sides, but he was determined never to go to War again.  Shungee pressed him to go with him in his present expedition, but he had refused— He said he wished the English would come and take possession of the Country as he was sure there would be no end to their public calamities until there was a power sufficient to prevent those evils of War— I have heard many Chiefs express the same wish— Wycotto attends now to the cultivation of his Farm, and to his Wife and children of whom he is very fond— On our arrival on board the Brampton I presented him with a Spade and a few edge tools for which he was very thankful.  I assured him, if he did not go to War, he should have the present of a Blanket every year, or some other article of Value— that I should make enquiry after his conduct, and if I found that he attended to Agriculture I would remember him— Wycotto returned on Shore much gratified with our interview [f] and much relieved in his mind— Since his return from Europe, he has had time to reflect upon what he saw and heard, and he appears to me much improved and softened.  I was much gratified with many of his observations— He said he was very desirous that a Missionary should be sent to the River Thames, and that if one was sent, he would go and live there— I told him this could not be done at present, but at some future time it perhaps might—  [Sep 5] Friday 5th— This morning a War Canoe returned from the Southward and came alongside the Ship.  I observed a Dead Man in the Stern wrapt up in Mats— She was full of people— Tootooroo one of the Chiefs of Wycaddee was in her— He seemed worn down with fatigue and privations.  He had been with me formerly at Parramatta— He was much affected when he saw me, but did not come out of the Canoe, but sat in a mourning posture— What hardships do these poor Heathens suffer under the dominion of the Prince of darkness—
In the afternoon I went on shore to pay a visit to the Revd H Williams and to purchase a Canoe to take with me to Port Jackson for the accommodation of the Natives who were going with me— While we were walking on the Beach another War Canoe arrived in which I understood there were two dead chiefs— When they [f] came within a short distance of the land they all sat silent in the Canoe crying and the Women on Shore began to cry also, and to make great lamentations— These poor creatures sorrow as those without Hope— They have none of the consolations of Religion to support their minds, no hope full of immortality— what infinite blessings will the Gospel impart unto them when once they receive it with joy— After I had purchased the Canoe I went on board for the night— [Sep 6] Saturday 6th  I remained on board all of this day preparing for Sea, as the Captain had determined to sail the next morning— I was very busy in securing the different useful plants I had procured for New South Wales and settling my little accounts with the Natives.  The Revd Mr Williams and several of the Brethren came to take their leave, and some of them remained till late in the Evening— Warreepork thought it was not right to sail on our Sabbath day, and asked me if I should not be angry.  He was informed I had no controul over the Master of the Ship, and that he would do as he pleased— The New Zealanders in their way are very particular in observing all their religious ceremonies, as they believe their happiness and Life itself depends upon their doing this— I had now got all my business settled as well as I could, and in some degree to my satisfaction considering the deranged state [f] the affairs of the Mission had been in for so long a time— The Revd T Kendall and family Mr Cowell and family were all on board without any unpleasant differences with the Natives— I now felt much pleasure in the prospect of a speedy return to my family and people, and being very weary with various toils and anxieties both of Body and mind, I longed for a little rest, and I retired to my Cabin with much thankfulness and comfort— I had come to be thankful for continued good health during the period I had been in New Zealand, as I had not lost one day— I was not well when I left N S Wales, but I found myself better, and able to undergo much fatigue.  I also was happy to see that there was every prospect of success in the Mission and felt confident that the Revd H Williams either by precept or example or by both would be able to rectify many evils when I was gone— The removal of the Revd Mr Kendall and Mr Cowell will also prove a great benefit to the Mission and I doubt not but God will prosper the work yet and raise up a seed in this benighted Land to serve him— “For many shall come from the South as well as the North, and shall sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of God” – [f] [1823 Sep 7]
Sunday 7th This morning the Captain gave orders to weigh the anchors, and proceed to Sea.  I went into the Revd S Lieghs cabin, and read the 1st Chapter of Romans making a few remarks upon it and observed that it was my intention to read with him the whole Epistle on our passage to Port Jackson, we had a comfortable little meeting while the Sailors were preparing for Sea— The Weather was very threatening and stormy the wind blew very strong from the East directly into the mouth of the Harbour— We lay in Korarrika Bay on the South side of the Harbour, and had to sail along a lee rocky shore in working out with the wind dead on the land— The Ship being light and high out of the water, she would not answer her Helm, and twice missed stays— The lead was kept continually sounding, and we soon found ourselves a little more than three fathoms water with a rocky bottom, and a shoal of rocks on our lee, and it was then near high Water— When the Captain found the situation we were in, he immediately ordered to let go the Anchor which was done— When the tide began to turn the Ship began to strike— The Gale increased and the Sea with it— I was convinced the Ship would be wrecked, there appeared to me no possible way to prevent it— The Revd S Liegh was very ill and unable to bear the noise and anxiety [f] occasioned by such an awful accident and Mrs Liegh being much alarmed I requested the Captain to lend me the Boat to take Mr & Mrs Liegh to the nearest island which he kindly granted— The wind was high and the Sea very rough, but I did not apprehend much danger in going on shore, as the Island was only about 2 miles distant, and the nearer we approached it the smoother the Water would be as we should be more sheltered from the Wind and Sea— We arrived safe tho’ very wet with the Rain and the Sea washing over the sides of the Boat— We found a few poor Natives on the point of the Island called Mootooroa where we landed— It rained very heavy— The Natives expressed much concern for us, made a fire and prepared the best Hut they had (which was made of Bullrushes) for our reception— I requested them to send a Canoe to Rangee Hoo to inform Mr Willm Hall of the loss of the Ship, and to bring his Boat to assist to land the people, and at the same time desired that they would tell the Natives to bring a large War Canoe— The Natives for some time objected to go, on account of the Storm and the high Sea— alledging that their Canoe would be dashed to pieces by the Waves— At length I prevailed upon them— They had between 5 & 6 miles to go thro a very rough Sea— About 3 OClock PM Messrs  Hall King & Hansen arrived in Mr Halls Boat, and a large War Canoe [f] with Natives. They immediately proceeded to the Ship & we had the satisfaction to see them arrive safe, and waited until dark with the greatest anxiety for their return; but neither of them came— The Rain fell in torrents and the Gale had increased— We lay down in our little Hut full of fear and alarm for the safety of all on board— The night appeared very long, dark and dreary as we could not rest and we most anxiously wished for the morning light in hopes of receiving some accounts from the Vessel— [Sep 8] Sept 8.  When the Day returned we had the happiness of seeing the Vessel still upright, but driven nearer on shore— No Boat came from her or Canoe & the Gale still continued— About midday we saw the Foremast go overboard— the Natives on the island shrieked aloud when the Mast fell— I concluded they had cut away the Mast to relieve the Vessel.  We spent the whole of this day in great suspense, as we could not conjecture why all the Passengers should remain on board in the state the Ship was in— At dark Mr Willm Hall returned and informed us that the bottom of the Vessel was beat out and that both her Chain & best bower Cable were broke, and that she beat with such violence upon the Rocks when the tide was in that it was now impossible to stand upon her Deck.  At the same time he was not, apprehensive that the People on board were in any danger of [f] losing their lives, as he did not think that the ship would go to pieces, as she staid firm upon the Rocks when the Tide was out.— I wished to know why the Women & children remained on board— He said it had not been determined what they would do or where land as yet, and they wished to wait until the Gale abated.  We were much relieved by the information Mr Hall gave us— As it was now dark, the Sea rough and the wind high we could not leave the island and therefore took up our lodging in our little hut— The Natives kindly gave us a few potatoes and a little fish, the best they had to bestow. My pleasing prospect of returning to Port Jackson was now at an end for sometime at least— A great change had been made in my views and feelings from what they were on Sunday morning— The scene was then apparently bright and clear, but now a thick cloud of darkness rested upon all around me. I was exceedingly concerned for the loss of so fine a Ship on many accounts, as individuals who are interested in her must suffer, as well as the Passengers on board and perhaps more than they.  An hour before this melancholy accident happened, the object of my visit to N Zealand appeared to be accomplished— All the Europeans 16 in number with 12 Natives were embarked— We had parted with the Principal Chiefs in every part of the Bay of Islands with mutual satisfaction, and with every prospect of success to the [f] [1823] Mission, but now an unexpected Storm seemed to render abortive all that had been done.  I spent the night ruminating upon the difficulties with which I was surrounded— while the stormy Wind and Rain still continued, and the raging Sea to dash against the Shores— [Sep 9] Tuesday 9th — At the return of Day, we observed the Ship still upright, but appeared to be driven higher upon the Reef— I now determined to return to Kiddee Kiddee in Mr Halls boat, with Mr & Mrs Liegh— We had suffered two dreary and stormy days and nights, under the most painful anxiety for the Safety of those in the Ship— We now left the Island as soon as we could for the Missionary Settlement, where we arrived about 9 Oclock— Our friends had not heard of the loss of the Ship until our arrival, as there had been no communication between the different Settlements on account of the severe weather.  We were very kindly received by the Brethren.  I took up my lodgings with Mr Kemp, and Mr & Mrs Liegh with the Revd Mr Butler— I informed the brethren in what situation we had left the Ship and requested that every assistance might be given to land the Passengers and Baggage— The Wreck was about 12 or 14 miles from the Settlement.  Four boats were immediately sent off. Mr Halls Boat took the Women and children the same Evening to Rangee Hoo, and two [f] of the boats returned with part of our Baggage and one went to the station of the Revd Mr Williams— All the Brethren rendered every aid in their power to provide for our comfort and to secure our baggage for which we are their debtors— When the boats returned they brought the welcome news that all were well on board.  It was a great mercy that the Revd Mr Liegh appeared not to have suffered much injury from the Wet and cold while we were confined on the Island tho in so weak a state, and Mrs Liegh bore our dangers and privations with much patience and Resignation.  Divine wisdom no doubt has some good ends to answer in all that has befallen us— The word of God expressly says “All things shall work together for good to them that love God”, and the scriptures cannot be broken— We cannot see thro this dark and mysterious dispensation at the present time. The why and the wherefore we must leave to him, who ordereth all things according to the counsel of his own will— As the Gale continued with increasing violence, if we had got out to Sea, we might have been cast on shore under more dangerous and distressing circumstances — Our Shipwreck has been a most merciful one, as no lives have been lost, nor any thing but the Ship— The Natives have also behaved exceedingly well as yet, and respected, and respected our property— We should not have been so kindly treated [f] in this respect, if we had been wrecked on our native Shores—  [Sep 10]  This morning Mr Kemp informed me that the Capt purposed to land from the Wreck what provisions and stores he could on the Island of Mootooroa, and wished me to go down as he was apprehensive there might be some disputes with the Natives, as a report had been circulated, that a large party of Natives were coming from Shokee Hanga to plunder the Wreck— I did not believe that report, as the people upon the banks of that River and in the different Settlements are all quiet and well disposed as a Body— The day continued stormy and not being very well for want of rest I remained at the Missionary Settlement with a determination to go down on Thursday Morning agreeable to the request of the Captain, as I did not apprehend any danger from the Natives, several well-disposed Chiefs being on board—  [Sep 16] Thursday 16 [sic for 11th]  About 4 OClock The Revd T Kendall’s Son arrived at Kiddee Kiddee with a letter from his Father requesting assistance to land his Baggage and other property— Mr Kendall considered the situation of the Vessel very precarious, a very heavy ground swell having set in— I sent back his Son immediately with a Letter to his Father, authorizing him to hire some Canoes to land his property, and I would pay the expense of them— Afterwards I went to the island [f] of Mootooroa taking the Revd J Butler with me.  When we arrived I found a considerable quantity of Stores and provisions had been landed from the wreck— I remained on the island conversing with the Natives, and requesting them to protect the property and people— They assured me they would watch night and day so that I might be assured nothing would be lost— I requested the Revd J. Butler to proceed on to the Wreck, and to render what assistance he could to Mr Kendall with the boat— In a few hours Mr Butler returned and informed me that part of Mr Kendalls Baggage was gone on shore— and that Mr Kendall was well satisfied with, and thankful for the arrangements I had made to save his effects from the Wreck— Mr Butler informed me also, that there had been some altercation amongst the natives themselves at the wreck, but that King George and the Chiefs on board had settled the difference, and all was perfectly quiet.— I was very happy to receive this account and to see that a Savage Nation, so poor and so distressed as they are, many of them not worth a nail, should abstain from plunder, under such strong temptation to gratify the natural avarice of the human mind, in the midst of the Wreck of so much property— I apprehend no stronger proof need be adduced in testimony of the advances these poor Heathens have made [f] [1823 Sep 16] in civilization, than the respect they have paid to the Europeans and their property in such a time of general distress.  We were all both on Shore, and on the Vessel as well as our property completely in their power.  They could take our lives any moment, and it cannot be doubted but they would have done so, if the Missionaries had not been settled amongst them, and gained their confidence and good-will.  I would here observe, that for the last nine years the period when the Mission was first entered upon to the present time, no European has received any injury from the Natives the whole extent of Coast from the North Cape to the River Thames tho they have met with many provocations and injuries from Masters and Crews of Vessels which have visited them— The Mission has been of infinite Service in this respect.  A Vessel can now enter into the Harbours in the Bay of Islands with as much safety as any Ship can anchor in Port Jackson— The time no doubt will come, when the inhabitants of New Zealand, shall not only advance in civilization, but in the knowledge and worship of the only true God, when the christian world will have cause to rejoice & praise the God of the whole Earth— In the Evening we left the island of Mootooroa, and the Natives in preparing a new House for the master of the Brampton and his [f] Ships company, and returned to Kiddee Kiddee.
[Sep 17] Wednesday 17th — I have spent the last few days at the Missionary Settlement, the weather has been very wet and stormy— I have suffered from cold and a sore-throat— I feel very anxious to return to N S Wales, but at present have little hope— While ruminating upon these subjects the Sisters arrived from Port Jackson, and this morning I have received a letter from my Colleague the Revd R Hill informing me that all my family were well on the 28th of August.— This was very welcome news,— and revived my spirits.  All the information I received from the Colony was very satisfactory— I shall be very glad if the Captain of the Sisters will be prevailed upon to take us to Port Jackson, but I fear he will not, and our stay here may be some months— I am determined that the Missionaries shall begin to erect a School at Kiddee Kiddee the next week— Should I be obliged to remain two months, I hope to see it completed, and the children admitted  into it.  The foundation must be laid in the education of the rising generation.— If there were means equal to give the children generally instruction, ignorance and superstition would soon give way to knowledge and the true Religion— The children possess great minds, are well behaved, and teachable, and would make great improvement— [Sep 18] Thursday 18.  This morning Captain Moore informed [f] me that he had quitted the Wreck— and had got his stores all landed on the island of Mootooroa, that the chiefs on board had behaved well, that on one occasion between 500 & 600 Natives came round the Ship in their Canoes, and appeared as if they intended to be troublesome, that King George desired the Capn to be still and not to interfere, that King George addressed the Natives in a speech more than an hour long, pointed out to them the fatal consequences of committing any act of plunder or violence— reminded them of the Boyde, and what followed the destruction of that Vessel— King George took the Captain’s sword, and told them that he would cut down the first Man that attempted to come on board the Vessel.  By his firmness and prudence, order and quiet were restored, and everything which the master wished to take from the Vessel he was at liberty to do so— Capt Moore told me if he had been wrecked on the English coast, the English would have been a thousand times more troublesome than the New Zealanders were— The christian World are not labouring in vain, and spending their strength for nought, when they are labouring to aid these noble race of human beings to free themselves from Want, Ignorance, and superstition; without assistance they never can free themselves, they never can rank [f] with civilized nations nor enjoy the comforts of civil life, nor the blessings which Christianity imparts, but with the divine blessing, and christian benevolence they will become a great people— Their means of living are wonderfully increased since I visited the island 9 years ago.  The introduction of tools of agriculture, such as Axes Hoes, Spades &c has encouraged very extensive cultivation in every district, and it is extending more and more every day— A Nation can do nothing without Iron— They had none until the Missionary Society supplied them— To give a man a spade is not like giving him 100 lb of potatoes to supply his immediate wants, but it is furnishing him with the means of raising many hundreds— This is evident in every part of N. Zealand— [Sep 19] Friday 19— This day Rewa a Chief next in command to Shungee returned from Wycotto and some other chiefs with him, where they had been as Ambassadors to make peace with the tribes on that River, Wycotto is a very populous part of New Zealand; several persons belonging to Wycotto returned with them— Shungee was at Mercury Bay [Towrangha] and was not expected for some time.  Riva is a married Man with a family of five children. The last War expedition he was upon, he brought home another Wife, which very much distressed his first Wife— She could not bear the idea of Rivas having two Wives— During Rivas absence his second Wife had a Son, his first Wife was pregnant an the same time and was shortly afterwards delivered of a Son also— She was so much [hurt] [f] [1823 Sep 19] at the second Wife having a Son that she murdered her own Infant, and in a little time the second Wife died also— When he arrived this day, and was informed of the above circumstances he was much distressed, and wept greatly. Infant murder is not common in N Zealand particularly of boys— They are very fond of their children, and take great care of them— Rivas Wife murdered her child from mere vexation to be revenged upon her Husband for taking another Wife.  It is apprehended that Riva will offer a human sacrifice to relieve his mind— Bushee went yesterday to the funeral of a near relation; on these occasions it is common for all the friends of the dead to cut themselves when they weep and mourn— Bushee abstained from this ceremony, and when he returned he said he would never practise it again and that if his Wife was to die he would not cut himself for her, he disapproved of this barbarous custom; Bushee’s mind is much enlightened, and he laments much the state of his country— He expressed a wish that some soldiers might be sent to N. Zealand to put a stop their Wars— The light of civilization is gradually making its way amongst the higher classes, and in time will produce a happy effect upon them— [Sep 20] Saturday  20  This morning I called upon Tiva— He expressed his regret at the loss of the Ship— and asked me if she was a King’s Ship— I informed him, she belonged to a [f] private gentleman in England, he told me he had heard of my arrival on his way from Wycotto, but not of the wreck of the Ship— many chiefs had returned with him from Wycotto— That peace was established at Wycotto, the River Thames Mercury Bay [Towrangha] and Rotoora, a very populous district in the interior where Shungee had been carrying on the War— In an action at Rotoora Shungee had received a ball against  his shoulder, another on his breast, and a ball had lodged in his helmet and had broke it, but he had received no injury.  As the whole of that part of the country was now subdued, he expected Shungee would return as soon as the weather would permit— His fleet consisted of 100 Canoes. Riwa furthur told me that it was their intention to take possession of some part of the conquered districts, and settle in them and if they did, some of the Missionaries must go with them— Divine providence may by these public calamities be preparing the way for his Gospel— I informed him that Mr Kendall was going to Port Jackson, and asked him what Shungee would say— Riva replied Shungee would cry much, and be very angry— I told him if Shungee did not wish the Missionaries to remain at his Settlement, I would send a Ship and take them away to Port Jackson— Riva said they must not leave the Settlement [f] That when Shungee & Mr Kendall returned from England, Mr Kendall wished to live at Kiddee Kiddee, and for Mr Butler to go away, that Shungee and he had some warm altercation upon the subject as he would not allow Mr Butler to go away and at length carried his point— It appeared clear that Mr Kendall had arranged with Shungee to live at Kiddee Kiddee, and that Shungees mind was very much prejudiced against Mr Butler, and was determined on his removal— I stated to Riva that Mr Kendall had offended his friends in England by taking two Wives and on that account they would send him no more supplies, and if I should not see Shungee, he must inform him— I think Shungee when he returns will not be much offended, tho’ he will feel for Mr Kendalls situation, and serve him as far as he can— Mr Kemp informs me Riva has just killed a young woman for a sacrifice for the death of his Second Wife— His Son came to call him away when we were conversing together, perhaps to perform the bloody ceremony— When will these cruel rites be abolished & nothing but the Gospel of our blessed Redeemer can free their minds from the tyrany of superstition— How awful is the state of the poor Heathen, who can thus in cool blood sacrifice their fellow creatures.  This young Woman was a prisoner of War [f] taken in the last expedition against the River Thames. Riva has just called upon me full-dressed and presented me with two Mats— he tells me he has killed a Young Woman, but has ordered her to be buried and not eaten— There are two charges alledged against the deceased— one is that she had not paid proper attention to her Mistress during her confinement, and the other is that she had performed the funeral rites to her Mistress, and afterwards took the provisions which she eat with her own hands before she was cleansed from her ceremonial uncleanness in consequence of having touched a dead body— This last is considered as a very great crime against their God— For these things it was necessary that she should be made a sacrifice, as an atonement for the dead, and as a safety to the living— No art of persuation, no rewards, no promises, can stop these bloody Rites— The Gospel alone can supply a remedy for these dreadful effects of Superstition— Satan has got fast hold of the conscience of these poor Heathens and leads them captive at his Will— He makes them believe, that if a person serve himself with his own hands with any kind of provision labouring under any ceremonial uncleanness, he commits the greatest Sin, and merits the Wrath of the Deity; and that to sacrifice the offender for so doing is an acceptable service, and an indispensible one— Riva seemed easy in his mind when he [f] [1823 Sep 20] had made this offering— I mentioned to him the former state of the Otaheitans, and what they did now, and I hoped New Zealand would do the same. [Sep 21] 21 Septr  This morning I enquired what was done with the Body of the Young Woman that was sacrificed the preceding day, and was informed that it had been dressed and eat by the Natives of Wycotto, tho’ Riva had told me he had given directions that it should be buried— Previous to retiring to rest last evening I heard the Natives dancing and singing near the Spot where the Young Woman was killed— I have no doubt, but they were then preparing to eat the sacrifice— However horrid and revolting this custom is to the Christian mind and nothing can be more so, yet the N Zealander feels himself as much bound by his superstitions to kill and eat human sacrifices, as the Christian does to offer up his sacrifices of prayer and praises to the true God—  These bloody rites will never be laid aside by the Natives until the fetters of their Superstition are broken by the sword of the Spirit— No thing short of the power of the divine word can effectually remedy these dreadful customs— While we sang the 72 psalm last evening I could not but contrast the situation of the N Zealanders with our own— we are made of the same blood, have one common father and yet what an infinite distance between the believing Soul and the poor ignorant heathens both as it respects this world and that which is to come— The joys of the one are pure, heavenly divine, and of the others, barbarous, sensual, & devilish— The one has a hope full of immortality, the other is without hope and without God— [Sep 22] Monday 22.  As there had [f] been no building erected for a public School at Kiddee Kiddee I informed the Revd J. Butler and Mr Kemp that I was resolved to have one built immediately, that they were now  all comfortably provided with houses, and out houses and there was no necessity for delaying the erection of a School any longer— Messrs Kemp and Shepherd most readily offered to assist to build it.  I hope in eight weeks ( should I be detained so long) to see the School nearly completed. It is very distressing that a School has not long since been established here— [Sep 23] Sept  23— The Weather has been very stormy and Wet— I remained in the House nearly all the day examining the New Zealand Grammer which appears to be very imperfect— The rules laid down in the Grammer for the Orthography and Pronounciation of the language is not simple enough for the Missionaries to comprehend— They cannot retain in their memory the sound of the  vowels as laid down in the rules of the Grammer— and pronounce them as the Natives can understand them— The changing the English pronounciation of the Vowels has created very great confusion amongst the whole. I do not see any good reason for changing the sound of the vowels as the New Zealanders can with so much ease sound all the English Alphabet— If in speaking and writing the N Zealand language the Europeans retain the English pronounciation, the whole difficulty of which they complain, will be removed— I purpose taking an early opportunity of conversing with the Revd T Kendall upon this subject to know if there is any cogent objection to the Missionaries retaining the English sound of the vowels in the N Zealand language— I cannot see any myself, and I am sure I should [f] despair of our being able either to write or speak the N Zealand language according to the rules in the Grammer— [Sep 24] Sept 24— I am very anxious now to return to my family and congregation, but have no prospect, I may be detained for months— This is a very dark dispensation.  I know the Lord is too wise to err and too kind to afflict willingly, at the same time I feel an inclination to murmur and complain and like the Israelites of old am discouraged because of the Way— What I know not now I perhaps shall know hereafter— The loss of the Brampton appears to me very mysterious— No Ship was ever lost in the Bay of islands before, the harbours are so commodious and fine— I censure no one for her loss, tho I think and always shall, that it is a very extraordinary circumstance— I know nothing happens by chance and therefore it was the divine will that she should be wrecked for reasons which Man cannot explain— therefore thy will be done—
[Sep 25] 25 Septr  I wrote this day a circular letter to the Missionaries recommending them to unite cordially in the work of the Mission and to form some regular plan respecting the language— Every one has hitherto followed his own system and all different, which can never answer, and will create nothing but confusion— Some have not ability and others have not learning sufficient to write the language, and should avail themselves of the Superior abilities of their Colleagues— The want of humility has been very great in the Missionaries— The Apostles Advice has been wholly forgotten by them. “In lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves”— [Sep 26] 26th This morning I left Kiddee Kiddee to pay a visit to the Revd H Williams at Pyhea— On my way [f] [Sep 26] I past by the wreck of the Brampton— It is a very distressing sight to see so fine a Ship knocked to pieces upon the rocks— The Lord in the midst of judgment remembered mercy, or we might have been buried in the great deep— The Vessel could not have been lost upon a more secure place for the safety of our lives and property than she was, and therefore we should be thankful to divine Goodness who commands the stormy winds when they arise.— On my arrival at Pyhea I found all the Europeans well, and comfortably lodged in their new situation— The Natives had behaved very kindly— Tho their Stores and property had been much exposed, no theft had been committed, they had not missed so much as a single nail.  The head chief is a very excellent character— he had lived with me at Parramatta, and his Son afterwards died in my house, which attaches him and his Wife very much to my family.  He was his only Son, I had given him permission to go with me to the Colony in order to remove his bones to their family sepulchre. The Revd H Williams is settled in a very beautiful, as well as important situation, and has every prospect of being both useful and happy in his work— [Sep 27] 27th = This morning I visited the Revd  T Kendall, and conversed with him relative to his grammer.  I stated to him the difficulty I found in it with respect to the pronounciation of the Vowels and that the Missionaries met with the same difficulty in following his Rules— Mr Kendall candidly admitted that the difficulty was so great, he could not himself follow the system he had laid down— It appeared to me absurd [f] [1823 Sep 27] to study Mr Kendalls theory, which he himself could not reduce to practice, and conceived that if a vocabulary of the N Zealand language was written in which the pronounciation of the Vowels was retained according to the English the difficulty would be removed— They also spelled proper names different from what they were in the original by which great difficulties were created both in writing and pronouncing the N Zealand language. Mr Kendall gave me no satisfactory reason. I contended that as the N Zealanders were so quick in learning our language, and could pronounce the Vowels so well according to our custom I thought it would be advisable to retain the English pronounciation of the vowels, as this would greatly facilitate the acquirement of the language— The Missionaries would soon then learn to speak and write it, while according to the present system they never could— I also recommended that all the English terms for such things as the native had never seen, should be introduced into the N Zealand language, that a Sheep should be called a Sheep, a Cow a Cow &c 7c &c. If we did not do this the New Zealanders would give them names by comparison, and probably it would require three or more words in some things to express what we do in one— The N Zealand language is also very impure, and that impurity would increase by allowing them to give Names to Animals &c &c but if we retained our own terms, and interwove our language with theirs;— this would tend to make the language more chaste— At present it is very unchaste and offensive— It was at length determined to write a new vocabulary of the N Zealand [f] [Sep 27] language, and to retain the English pronounciation of the Vowels, and the English terms for such things as the natives never saw— I recommended Mr Kendall to set about this important work immediately which he agreed to do— He was not to write this vocabulary on the C M S account as he is no longer a Servant of their— I observed to  Mr Kendall the Society was no debtor to him but he was a debtor to the Society, and therefore should do any thing he could to repay them— I promised to furnish him with all the words I could procure from the other missionaries as I knew that they would cordially unite in the plan now adopted.— [Sep 28] Sunday  28 Sept  I preached for the Revd Mr Williams this morning in his little thatched Church— about 30 feet long by 15— which has been just built— several of the Natives attended beside the Europeans and behaved well— When once they know the joyful sound, they will become a great people. I never saw finer children, or better behaved than the children of the Natives— In the evening I preached to the Crew of the Brampton on the island of Motooroa about 6 miles distant from Pyhea. I long much to return to my family and people. To worship God on an Island in a savage land is very different from meeting in the assembly of the Saints in Gods Holy temple on Earth— There wants that sacredness, and solemnity, and holy reverence which appears to be attached to the very walls of Gods house, where his people meet to worship him, and which tends so much to excite devout affections in the pious mind— [f]  [Sep 29] Monday 29— This morning we observed some large War Canoes across the harbour, and in a little time afterwards I was informed that Shungee had returned from his Expedition— I was very glad to hear this news, as it was apprehended he would have been exceedingly angry if he had on his return found Mr Kendall gone— I am in hopes I shall be able to convince him of the necessity of Mr Kendall’s removal, and also to make some arrangements with him for the good of the mission— His mind was very much prejudiced against me on his return from England in consequence of my opposition to the Missionaries supplying the Natives with muskets and powder— He had also been told that I had written home against him, which made him very angry— He has been expecting Mr Clarke for some time to make him Guns— I have retained Mr Clarke in N S Wales until I have a full explanation with Shungee relative to Mr Clarke’s employment should he come to New Zealand— If Shungee is determined that he shall work as a Gun smith Mr Clarke must not come, if he will allow him to come as a Missionary he may then venture— It is much to be lamented that Shungee is so fond of War, and that from his fire-arms he is so powerful, that no tribe in the island can withstand his force— Great slaughter has been made in this expedition, of the inhabitants to the southward— Shungee has been absent about 8 Months fighting on the east side & in the interior— Another party connected with Shungee was carrying on War at the same time on the West side, at a place called [f] [Sep 29] Terra nakkee said to be very populous situated 200 miles or more from the Bay of Islands — A Man of high rank, a relation of Shungees named Towhawhow has been killed in this expedition— His friends secured his body, and prevented it from falling into the Enemies hands, They cut his head off and have bought it with them.  They also cut off all the flesh from the bones, and burnt it to prevent it from being eaten, and brought his bones with them— These they carried a long way over land, and they have arrived this day— There will be great lamentation over these bones— The death of this Chief will cause another expedition against terra nakkee— Whenever a Man of high rank is slain in Battle tho in the common chance of War his surviving relations feel themselves bound to revenge his death whenever they are strong enough to do this—[Sep 30] 30.  Last night Mr Kemp came to Pyhia, and this morning I went with him to Mr Kendalls, as Mr Kendall had consented to hand over some books belonging to the Society— I renewed my conversation with Mr Kendall respecting the native language as I wished to gain what information I could on the subject, in order that I might form some opinion on the best mode to be adopted in learning it— I cannot rely upon my own judgment for want of knowing more of the language myself— From every information I can gain it appears best to retain the English pronunciation of the vowels.  Following the directions of the Grammer with respect to the vowels  burdens the memory [f] [1823 Sep 30] too  much, and is more than the Missionaries can accomplish— They read the English language daily and are in the constant habit of pronouncing the vowels according to custom— When they come to the New Zealand language they are at a stand— [Oct 1] October 1st Wednesday. This morning I went to visit Tooi’s tribe, accompanied by the Revd H Williams & Mr Kemp. The distance is about 9 miles by water— We found an immense number of Women & children at home— Tooi and his brother Koro Koro with his Uncle Kipo, and their fighting Men were gone to War— Information had arrived that Kipo had been slain in Battle, and Koro Koro had died a natural death— Kipo was a young Man when Captn Cook visited N Zealand. He was a very fine old Man and a great Warrior. His Widow and daughter were dressed in their mourning dress, and sat very silent and afflicted together— They literally appeared to sorrow as those without hope— The whole tribe were much concerned for the loss of their Chief— They told me Tooi was waiting with his Brothers body, until they could bring it to the Bay of islands, on a small Island not far from the Thames— They requested me to come and see Koro Koros body when it was brought home— One of Tooi’s brothers was there, he told me that Tooi was so much distressed in his mind from the continual Wars, that he was determined to leave New Zealand—Perhaps as Koro Koro is dead, who was so very great a Man for War, Tooi may use his influence [f] [1823 Oct 1] with his people now to abstain from it, as he will be the head of the Tribe— His elder brother who loves peace will I have no doubt second Tooi, if he should be desirous to live a quiet life— The other Chiefs when they cannot prevail upon their neighbouring Friends to join them in their expeditions, they shame them into a compliance, by accusing them of cowardice— They urged me very much to send them a Missionary to live in their district, said they had been long promised one, and contended they had a claim as Koro Koro came first to Parramatta for the Missionaries, and Tooi went afterwards to England— The reason why a Missionary has not resided with them to the present time is it has been considered that as all the fighting parties from the northward, and in the Bay of Islands pass by their Settlement, a Missionary would be much annoyed by them, and liable to be robbed, as the New Zealanders are very much like common Soldiers in War, who delight in plunder, and distruction of property— I hope the day may come when a Missionary may be spared for them, and safely reside with their Tribe, in which the Children are very numerous— Should Tooi return previous to my departure, I shall be able to learn what his future intentions are now his brother is dead— He may yet be useful to his Countrymen— [Oct 2] Octr 2  This morning I left Pyhea with Mr Kemp, I wished to see Shungee and also to get with the School— When we arrived [f] at Kiddee Kiddee Shungee was gone to Wymatteee about 12 miles distant from the Missionary Settlement where the principal part of his cultivation is carried on— He is expected to return in a day or two, what reception he will give me I cannot say— I feel like a person in prison having no prospect of leaving New Zealand. I am afraid of going to the Thames, or any other distant part, lest I should lose an opportunity of getting a passage— I should wish to visit Wycotto, but the distance is too great, unless I was certain a Vessel would not arrive in my absence.  [Oct 3] October 3.  The Revd Mr Turner, Missionary from Wangaroa belonging to the Wesleyan Mission, paid us a visit to-day— one great object of his journey was, to consult about the Native language— They were all in confusion at their Settlement about it, as they could not follow the Rules laid down in Mr Kendalls Grammer with respect to the pronounciation of the Vowels— I informed Mr Turner what resolutions the Missionaries had come to respecting it, and also what the Revd Mr Kendall said— Mr Turner expressed much satisfaction that an alteration was to be made, that it was his opinion as well as that of his Colleagues that the English pronounciation of the Vowels should be followed— I hope this question will now be at rest, as all are unanimously of opinion that the Vowels should retain the English pronounciation— and that future experience will prove that the mode now adopted is the best— [Oct 4] Octr  4  The Revd T Kendall paid me a visit, he brought me about 500 words for examination and correction, for the intended new Vocabulary— He appeared very much agitated in his mind, and under the Government of a very unchristian like Spirit— He inveighed most bitterly against the Missionaries [f] spoke very disrespectfully of the Parent Committee and at the same time attempted to cast some reflections upon me— I had treated him with great tenderness hitherto, so that he had no cause to complain on any just grounds— He told me he would not leave New Zealand, but was determined to come and live at Kiddee Kiddee— What a dreadful tormentor is an accusing conscience— When Professors [of Religion?] fall into open scandalous Sins, they lose the fear of God— their pride increases continually after their fall until they become a terror to themselves and those connected with them— Mr  Kendall appeared to me to be as full of pride,  Wrath and bitterness as if he had never known any thing of Christianity— He manifested all the violent passions of an Heathen— When Professors of Religion fall into the snare of the Devil, how dreadfully does the prince of darkness work in their Hearts?  He seems to gloryin scourging them in every possible way,— and inflames their pride to the utmost, while at the same time he furnishes them with arguments to vindicate their wicked conduct, either from the example of living, or the departed Saints.— If drunkenness is his Sin, he appeals to the example of Noah— if fornication & adultery are his crimes, he will tell you, the Man after Gods own heart was guilty of the same— The sorrow which a Man in this state may occasionally express for his misconduct, springs more from pride and self-love, than humility— He is sorry that he has injured his reputation, his temporal [f] [1823 Oct 4] interest, and lost his rank in Society but this is only the sorrow of the World— His pride is greater, his haughty spirit is more captious, and he is more vindictive than a Man who has never known any thing of divine things— He seems to be wholly under Satanical influence, and his last state is worse than his first— I recommended Mr Kendall to be cool, and to consider what he was about before he went too far, but it was in vain to reason with him— I was apprehensive that he would create much mischief in the Mission should it be in his power, by his rash and inconsiderate conduct— He contended the Society were bound to pay him his Salary, and to maintain his family while he remained in New Zealand and afterwards to find him a passage to England. I replied if he wanted support for his family untill an opportunity offered for his going to Port Jackson, I would direct his wants to be supplied, but I could only do this on the express condition that he left New Zealand by the first opportunity— He replied with much warmth that he was determined to remain, and would not be driven out of the island— I used every argument in my power to pacify him but to no purpose —While we were talking Shungee walked into the room— I had not seen him before since my arrival, as he had only returned a few days from the War, and had been out at his farm— I was very sorry that our first meeting should have happened at this unfortunate time, as  Mr Kendalls [f]  countenance and manner betrayed the angry state of his mind— Shungee was very civil, but a little reserved— I was afraid Mr Kendall would say something bitter to vex him & I was very uneasy while he remained, at length he departed, observing to Shungee, that he would see him again, and asked Shungee if he would allow him to come to live at Kiddee Kiddee— Shungee said he would pay him a visit in a little time— I invited Shungee to take Tea with me, which he readily agreed to, and we parted afterwards very friendly— at the same time something appeared to be preying upon his mind— He asked me what had past between me and Mr Kendall, but I did not think it prudent to tell him all— Shungee behaved much more civil than I expected he would have done, as we did not part very cordially at Parramatta in consequence of my difference with Mr Kendall about muskets and gun-powder, and on some other accounts— [Oct 5] October 5— I preached to-day at Kiddee Kiddee, and administered the Holy Sacrament— but I spent the Sabbath very uncomfortably— I could not free my mind from the great anxiety which Mr Kendall’s violent conduct had excited the last Evenin— It is very painful to have any thing to do with professors of Religion who have fallen from their stedfastness, and are under the dominion of unbridled passions— The difficulty is much increased when this happens in a Savage land, where there is no legal authority [f] to protect the good from the designs of the fallen enraged slave of Sin— Mr Kendall’s fall must be considered as a most awful Event, and has been attended with much distress and misery to himself his family, his Colleagues, as well as to all the friends of the Mission— It has been a source of grief to all who love the Gospel, and pity the heathen— 
[Oct 6]  Shungee was invited to breakfast with me this morning; I wished for an opportunity to enter into a full explanation with him. He accepted my invitation, and we met very cordially— After a little conversation he alluded to what had past between us at Port Jackson when he returned from England and reminded me, that he had told me never to come to New Zealand again, but found by my coming that I was not afraid of the New Zealanders, and observed that my anger was only in my mouth; that if it had been in my heart I should have come no more. I told him I had no cause to be under any apprehension, nor was I angry— We conversed upon various subjects, and all prejudice appeared to be removed from his mind— I did not mention to him as yet Mr Clark’s name but intend to do so the first fair opportunity— I know he has been long talking about him, and has been anxious to see him— It will be a nice point to settle  Mr Clarks business with Shungee, as he knows he is a Gunsmith— If Shungee will allow him to come as a Schoolmaster and promise that he will not require [f] [Oct 6] him to repair his Guns Mr Clark would be a valuable Man in the Mission— I believe Mr Kemp and Mr Clark would go on well together, Mr Kemp wants a pious compatriot to second him in the work of the Mission—  We held a Committee to-day when different subjects came under consideration— I conceived the House which the Committee had agreed for Mr S Butler far too large and expensive— I told the Missionaries that it was out of my power to sanction such unnecessary expenditure of the Societys funds— Mr Butler did not like the alteration as he thought his Son ought to have such a House, as the Committee had agreed to— At length I carried the alteration and the building was reduced to 48 feet by 15 divided into different rooms— This was a building quite large enough and to spare, as Mr Butler has only his Wife and himself— The public business took up the whole day; during which many unpleasant observations past in the Committee which grieved me much— The evils of this Mission have been very great— [Oct 7] Tuesday 7— This day the Committee met again to close the matters under consideration.  I was far from being satisfied with all that had been done. The Revd Mr  Butler had been very warm and had expressed himself very unguardedly.  His Son had also shown a very improper disposition— I was determined to write [f] [1823 Oct 7] to the Revd J Butler and to speak to both him and his Son, and to point out to them what appeared to me so very improper in their Conduct at the Committee— After the meeting closed I went with Shungee accompanied by the Revd  J Butler to fix upon a place for a small House for Shungee 20 feet by 10— I have no doubt but a little House will be highly acceptable to him and it is but just that he should have one— I have long wished this to be done for him and I hope it now will— 
[Oct 8] October 8th— I sent for Mr J Butler this morning and spoke both to him and his Son relative to what passed at the Committee, and also wrote him a public Letter, which I hope will be attended with some good effect— It is painful to have to reprove persons in public situations who ought to conduct themselves so as never to require any thing unpleasant to be said to them.  I wrote also to the Revd T Kendall upon his improper conduct on the 4th instant at Kiddee Kiddee— I feel my situation far from being pleasant in such a Society.  There are some in the Mission whom I must esteem for their Piety, and Christian behaviour.  I would they were all such —
Shungee called upon me in the morning and we had much conversation upon different subjects— He told me that he wished to turn his attention to Agriculture if I would send him a Man to teach his people to plough, and furnish him with a Team— He would then make a road [f] Wymattee about 12 miles from the Missionary Settlement, where the land was rich and carry on his cultivation there— I replied if he would give over fighting he should have a Man, and a Team, and told him if he wished to be King of New Zealand he must become a great Farmer first and get plenty of provisions, and when he grew rich in provisions, he would increase his power and influence in New Zealand. However he would not promise to abstain from War, at the same time he expressed a strong desire to cultivate Wheat &c &c.  He wants some object of importance to employ his great mind— There is nothing in New Zealand, but War that can meet his active spirit— Agriculture alone offers a substitute, and I think that would have a good effect— I now told him that Mr Clarke was at Port Jackson, teaching the Natives in the Colony, and I wished to know if he would allow him to teach the children at Kiddee Kiddee if I should send him down— He said he might come to Kiddee Kiddee and teach school— Shungee had long been looking for Mr Clark to make muskets for him, and he told me at Port Jackson he was coming for that purpose— I did not mention the Muskets to him at this time, it was too sore a subject to touch upon— I believe Shungee will give up this point at last— I was very much pleased with the whole of his [f] conversation, and particularly with his remarks upon agriculture— He told me he was apprehensive that the English would send Soldiers to New Zealand from Port Jackson, and take the Country from them. I told him we had plenty of land at Port Jackson, more than we wanted, and took a chart, and shewed him what a little spot New Zealand was, compared with New Holland, and that New Zealand was not an object to the English, and therefore he need not be afraid of them.  When he saw the Chart, he seemed satisfied.  I told him I thought the Chiefs of New Zealand had better make him King, and then he might put an end to their Wars— he replied that the Chiefs would not be persuaded to do this by him; that when he was at War he was feared and respected, but when he returned home, they would not hearken to any thing he might say— I endeavoured to point out to him the evils of civil War, that it must destroy the Country, and therefore ought not to be practised; that if a foreign enemy came to fight them, then they might go to War, but not one with another— He said he had conquered all the Country further than Mercury Bay [Towrangha], as well in the interior as on the Coast, and had made peace with them, and that great numbers had been slain— He [f] shewed me where he had been struck three times with a Ball— His Helmet saved him once and his Coat of Mail once, and a ball had hit his Thigh— After dinner I accompanied the Revd H. Williams to his station where I remained for the night—  [Oct 9] 9.  This day I spent with the Revd H Williams— I am happy to see him go on so well— He and his family are now comfortably settled, and are happy in their new situation.  I think they will prove a great blessing to the Mission— He is a Man of a superior character, and better informed than any who have hitherto been employed in this Mission.  I hope he will be able to correct and remedy in time many evils that have existed, and also to set an example to the rest what they as Missionaries should do— [Oct 10] 10.  This morning I left the Revd H Williams and proceeded to Monganuee where Mr J Butler is stationed about 14 miles distant— On my arrival there I met with the Revd J Butler & Mr William Hall— We fixed upon the place where the new House is to stand— Most of the materials are on the spot— It is an excellent station in every respect, provided those employed will do their duty— In the Evening I returned to Ranghee Hoo with Mr Hall where we arrived before nine Oclock— I had not visited Rangee Hoo since the Shipwreck— [f] [1823 Oct 10] A School is now begun here, and the Natives are all very quiet, and they live in as much peace as they could in any civilized Country. The Missionaries assured me they have no trouble now whatever with the Natives, and they never would have had much trouble if they could only have agreed amongst themselves.  It is not the Natives that have distressed them but they have tormented and distressed one another—[Oct 11] 11th This day I visited the old Chief Rakow, and his family, his Son pressed me much to allow him to go [to] N S Wales— One Native young Woman gave me a very bad account of Mr Kendalls conduct— She made many very proper remarks upon the impropriety of his proceedings— She said she had been told he would not leave New Zealand— I replied if he did not,  his friends would not send him any more supplies of Tea Sugar &c &c and he would be in want— She answered he has got plenty of Money, and would purchase what he wanted for himself— After some conversation the young Woman asked me to give her a little print for a Gown.  I told her I was afraid, that she went on board a Ship, and did wrong— She assured me that she had never been on board a Ship since I first went with Duaterra to New Zealand and that she never would go— I believe she told me the truth, from the manner in which she spoke, and the reasons she gave me— I was much pleased with the whole [f] of her observations— I told her if I found upon enquiry that what she stated was true I would give her a new gown— While we were talking two other young Women joined us one of them wished to know what was the subject of our conversation— I told her, that I had been informed that the young women went on board a Ship, and I supposed that she was one that did so— She replied if I had been told that she had ever gone on board a Ship for improper purposes I had been told what was false, for she never had— I then charged the third young Woman with doing so, who did not attempt to deny that she had.  I was much pleased with the moral virtue of the two first I conversed with— They spoke of such improprieties with more disgust, than I could have conceived of any women in their situation could have possest. I firmly believe they said what was true. They desired me to appeal to the Europeans, or to their own people who would confirm the truth of their assertions— A Brother of one of the young Women, a fine youth died at Parramatta— In the Evening I called upon Wycotto as I could not see him before as he was out at work at his farm— we had a long conversation on the distressed state of N Zealand in consequence of their perpetual Wars— He told me many thousands had been slain since his return from Europe— That at Shungees earnest request, he had accompanied him in one expedition to the River Thames against [f] Enakkee— The scenes of slaughter and Cannibalism at, and after the Battle in which Enakkee was killed were so horrid and offensive to him that he could not eat any thing for four days— He spoke with the greatest abhorence of the Cannibalism of his Countrymen and said he would never go to War again— That Shungee had solicited him to accompany him in his last expedition against Rutoroa, but he had refused to go— He observed, that N Zealanders would never be quiet from War, that he could not live in the Country, and asked me if I would afford him any protection if he and his family came to Port Jackson— I promised him I would— He said he had seen Shungee since his return, who informed him, that it was his intention to form another expedition against Terra-Nakka, as soon as I left New Zealand, but he would not do it until I was gone— He asked me if I had seen Shungee, and whether he was friendly or not; I told him I had, and that we were very friendly.  He thought our difference at Port Jackson might have interrupted our friendship, and expressed his satisfaction that we were reconciled. Wycotto observed, that there was no force in New Zealand that could resist the people at the Bay of Islands, they were so powerful from the abundance of Arms and Ammunition which they possest, and lamented that they had such means for continual War, which occasioned such great public calamities Famine and distress every where— [f] [Oct 11] as all their pork and potatoes were destroyed, and their farms neglected— I replied it would be much better for all the Chiefs to assemble and make Shungee King, upon condition that he would not fight but protect them— He asked me if I had mentioned this to Shungee. I informed him I had— Wycotto approved of Shungee having the authority if he would only be quiet, and said he would go see Shungee and talk with him on the subject, but he had little hope that Shungee would abstain from War— As for himself and some others they were ashamed when called upon to join in an expedition, not to go, as they would be considered as Cowards, if they did not— however much averse to War they were— but he was determined to leave New Zealand rather than be compelled to fight – His Wife told me she would give me a Slave on Monday morning, he was a Chiefs Son who had been killed in battle, the Boy had been taken a prisoner of War— I accepted her offer, as this would redeem another poor creature from the sorest bondage and slavery— A Slave has no security for his life— his master kills him, whenever he pleases, and treats him in any way his passions dictate— They are much to be pitied, nothing but the Gospel of our blessed God can effectually provide a remedy for their spiritual and temporal bondage. [Oct 12] 12th I preached to— [f] [1823 Oct 12] day at Ranghee Hoo  both morning and Evening— It gives me much pleasure to see a School at length begun— the children are capable of learning any thing that we wish to teach them— It is much to be lamented that they have been so long neglected— it is most distressing to think of the evils which have existed amongst the Europeans, which have impeded all improvement amongst the Natives—[Oct 13] 13th — Early this morning Wycotto brought me the Boy his Wife had made me a present of on Saturday Evening.  I found on enquiry that his Father had been killed in Battle a considerable distance to the Southward of the River Thames and he was made a prisoner of War, that he had been taken prisoner a second time and brought to the Bay of Islands— I intend to take him with me to the Colony and give him some useful instruction; so that he may be of advantage to his Country at some distant period should providence open the way— I had much conversation with Warrepork on the state of N Zealand.  He is a chief of very considerable influence, and considered one of the bravest Warriors in N Zealand, he wishes for peace, and requested me to speak to Shungee on the subject— If Shungee would give up fighting most of the Chiefs in the Bay of Islands appear anxious to attend to their cultivation, and to their families— Their minds are gradually enlarging, only they want an object, something of importance to exercise their active abilities with— I have recommended to several of them to turn their attention to the [f] [Oct 13] building of a Vessel of about 120 Tons, with which they could keep up a constant communication with Port Jackson, many of them are very anxious to go there— If they would turn their attention to Agriculture and commerce, these would furnish a field sufficient to occupy their minds, they would increase their wants and their means of supplying them.  Until something of this kind is adopted, I cannot conceive how their Wars are to be prevented— When they have lost a near Relation in Battle their minds continually dwell upon the death of their friend, having nothing to occupy them— If they are able to revenge the death of their friend they will attempt it as soon as possible, if not they will think on their loss for years, and mourn over it, and if at any future period they can obtain satisfaction during their life they never will lose an opportunity— Their wounded feelings never appear to be healed, and they feel it a sacred duty which they owe to their departed Relations to punish those by whose hands they have fallen, tho’ they were cut off by the common chance of War— It is possible, if they had a regular intercourse with civil society, and objects of importance to occupy their minds, the force of those natural affections and superstitious notions would be gradually weakened and their feelings relieved— It is to be hoped that the rising generation will have different views, and different objects in view as they will be better informed in civil matters, and less instructed in their art of War— In the Evening I went to Pyhea to visit the Revd H Williams, and found all well— [f] [Oct 14] This morning I returned to Kiddee Kiddee with Mrs Kemp who had been on a visit to Mrs Williams— I wished to have some furthur conversation with Shungee relative to the state of N Zealand— On my arrival I learned he was gone to Wyemattee, to superintend the planting of his sweet potatoes— I had a long conversation with Riva the next in command to Shungee.  He had heard that his Brother had been killed in Battle and another Chief to the southward— and that if the information was correct, he must go and revenge his death immediately.  I pointed out to him the calamities of War, and how much better it would be for them to cultivate the arts of Peace— He replied his heart was so big when he thought of his Brother, that he could not keep it down and satisfaction he must have before he could rest— [Oct 15] 15th— Riva called upon me this morning and we renewed our conversation upon the distressed state of New Zealand on account of their internal Wars— I told him that the chiefs had better make Shungee King and then there might be some prospect of Peace— He replied the Chiefs of New Zealand would never consent to do that, because they would think this would degrade them to have any superior— I told him this would not affect their estates, or their liberty, as Shungee if he was appointed King could not take their lands from them any more than King George could take the lands from the Gentlemen in England— He replied they [f] were in a very different state and asked me if I intended to compare the Chiefs of New Zealand with the chiefs of England?  I told him if they could not agree to make Shungee King, I thought the Chiefs of the Bay of Islands might unite, and build a Vessel and if they would do this, I would furnish them with a Shipwright— many of them wished to come to Port Jackson, they might then come when they wished to do so— He replied the Chiefs would never agree together in having a Ship, for each of them would want to have the direction— and observed that they could not agree to allow the Missionaries to live altogether. Every one wants them to reside with their tribes— Those who have not got Missionaries in their district, their hearts are sick, and they are continually coveting them— He made many pointed remarks upon the corruption of Mens hearts, and on the passions that governed them— The New Zealanders are men of great reflection and observation, and they try to find out a motive for every act which a Man does— It is  a very common observation with them, that the outside of a Man, may be seen, but the inside cannot and they frequently observe to me after I have been conversing with any of their countrymen “you hear then speak but you do not know what is in their hearts”— If it should ever please God to give them the knowledge of his Grace and love, they will become a very wonderful people— They study human nature with the closest attention, and endeavour to find out every Mans real character from the whole of his conduct— A rude & violent Man is very offensive, amongst themselves they live in great peace and harmony, I have not seen Man Woman or Boy struck [f] [1823 Oct 15] one another since I have been on the Island. [Oct] 22.  To-day Temmarangha paid me a visit having just returned from War— He is a man of very high rank and a great Warrior, at the same time humane and a lover of peace— I found him one of the most intelligent Chiefs in new Zealand when I formerly was in the Island. In one journey about three years ago he accompanied me to the west side of New Zealand, Mercury Bay, [Towrangha], and to various other parts— We were about 3 months absent— Shungee and Timmorangha have always been very jealous of each other— They had a difference when I was in N Zealand before, in which Timmorangha had 8 men killed, and some wounded— Timmorangha afterward made an attack upon Shungees settlement where the Missionaries reside, and burnt his War Canoes— That difference has not been finally settled yet— neither Timmorangha nor Shungee appear to have been in such a situation since the above period as to venture to decide their quarrel by force of Arms.  It is expected they would do this, when a fair opportunity offers— Ever since Shungees return from England he has had enough to do in carrying on his Wars to the Southward, in order to revenge the death of some of his friends who were cut off in his absence— In these Wars Timmorangha has joined him. Shungee came into my room while Timmorangha was with me— they saluted each other with much politeness— In the course of our conversation, they gave me very particular account of their last expedition to Rootoroa— When they went to War against the tribes of the River Thames, there was a chief there from Rootoroa. He was along with the chief whom Shungee and Timmarangha were going to attack— Timmorangha [f] advised him to return to Rootoroa before the action began, as he might be cut off— They had no difference with him, and Timmorangha did not wish him to risk his life— However the Chief remained with his friend and fell in Battle— Shortly after this action, a trading party went to Rootoroa from the Bay of Islands, and Wangaroa. The inhabitants of Rootoroa having lost one of their chiefs at the Thames, and taking these traders for Spies, they killed fifteen of them, and the rest narrowly escaped.  When this information arrived at the Bay of Islands Shungee in conjunction with the other chiefs prepared to revenge the death of their friends upon the people of Rootoroa— A large army was assembled from the different tribes, and Shungee proceeded at their head to Mercury Bay [Towrangha]— The number of War Canoes which met at Mercury Bay [Towrangha] is stated to amount to one hundred— Rootoroa is an Island situated in the middle of a large lake in the interior, and very populous— Shungee had to make roads thro the Woods, and to drag his Canoes to the Lake, which was accomplished in about 12 days— There are two lakes which the army had to cross— The second, and largest is Rootoroa— Two Chiefs Pomare and Showrakkee proceeded before Shungee, and the main body attacked the Inhabitants on the island in the first Lake.  They were both defeated, lost part of their Men, and were nearly cut off themselves, and compelled to retreat to Shungee.  When Shungee arrived he launched his Canoes, and advanced towards the island which he found fortified all round, very populous, and the Inhabitants prepared to defend themselves [f]  Shungee examined the Island for three days before he fixed upon a place to make an attack— All the Chiefs were afraid excepting Shungee, they conceived the place was too strong for them— Their fortifications are very near the edge of the Lake— When Shungee had determined the point where he would begin his operations, he recommended all the Canoes should advance at once in line of Battle— He took the centre, and every Chief had the command of the Men of his own tribe.  When he drew near the shore, they heard the Natives in the Fort say, “Shungee is not there”— One of the Chiefs named Showrakkee had married a Wife from that place— He landed her, and she went into the Fort to request her friends to make their escape or they would be put to death— She told them Shungee was there and pointed him out— The people then cried aloud, “There is the God of New Zealand, we shall be all killed”— As soon as the Chief saw Shungee, he fired at him and the Ball past thro’ the front of his helmet, but did not wound him.  The Chief fired two more shots at Shungee one hit his arm, and the other his thigh— Shungee shewed me his Helmet, and where the balls had struck his Arm and thigh— After this the natives rushed out of the fort to oppose Shungees Army in their landing, when a very great slaughter was made— They could not resist the fire Arms of Shungees forces, and fell in great numbers. Shungee told me he had fifteen muskets himself which his Servants loaded for him, as he fired them— The island was soon subdued, and about 500 prisoners of War were taken, Shungee lost some of his people, and had many wounded— In some [f] parts of this lake the water is hot, and full of Sulphur springs.  Shungee had his wounded bathed in these warm springs in which they lay all night— He told me he could make the Water any heat he wished, as some of it was always boiling, by making little channels in the mud to carry either the hot or cold water into the baths where his people lay—It cured them also of cutaneous eruptions, and other complaints.  After the island was subdued, peace was established, when they returned to Mercury Bay [Towrangha] with their prisoners of War, many of whom had made their escape in the night, Shungees army being so fatigued on their return with dragging their Canoes thro the Woods that they were unable to guard their prisoners of War being overpowered with sleep— Tooi was in this action and had an uncle killed named Kipo— The hunger, Toil and hardship the N Zealanders suffer in these expeditions are very great— They are a very persevering people no privations, or hardships can prevent them from pursuing any object their minds are set upon— I was told that Shungee and Pomarre in this expedition had some difference which Pomare wished to have the matter immediately settled by force of Arms— Shungee objected alledging that while they were in an enemies country, they should unite their forces, and when they returned to the bay of islands, they could then decide their present disputes— Pomare is a very proud Man, he had not returned when I sailed— How their difference will be settled when he arrives is uncertain— I think he will be quiet— [f]  [1823 Oct 23] 23. Today I went down to see Captn Walker of the Dragon in order to get a passage if I could to Port Jackson, he demanded a thousand Pounds— In the Evening I proceeded to Pyhea to the Revd H Williams— Mr Kemp and Shungee accompanied me— I had much conversation with Shungee about the state of N Zealand— He said for the first time I had ever heard him, that he had no wish for War but the other Chiefs called upon him to revenge their quarrels— I wished to know whether I might send Mr Clarke to N Zealand or not, and what the thoughts of his heart were on the subject whether he could let Mr Clarke be quiet— He asked Mr Kemp, if he ever troubled him now?  Mr Kemp replied “no”,— He would not promise, but intimated I might trust him without his word. I therefore resolved to send him—
[Oct 24] 24th This morning I wrote a note to the Revd T Kendall to know whether he intended to go to Port Jackson with me if I took up the Dragon— I called upon Capn Walker in my way to Kiddee Kiddee, he still stood out for £1000.  I am very anxious to return home, but must remain unless Mr Walker lowers his terms— I received a letter from  Mr Kendall written on the 14th inst— he shewed a very unchristian spirit thro’ the whole—[Oct 25] 25th assisted in the performance of divine Service; but was not comfortable found my mind too much burdened with difficulties that I could not enjoy the Sabbath as I ought— It is very distressing to have to do with unreasonable professors of Religion— I have always found it more easy to deal with unreasonable and wicked Men than such characters— [f]  In the Evening I was informed the Revd T Kendall was arrived at Kiddee Kiddee— He did not visit the Missionary Settlement but went to Shungee with whom he remained all night— a strong proof of the state of his mind, when he could prefer on the Sabbath Evening the Company and conversation of Savages to the Society of his countrymen in the very sight of their Houses— I suspected his intention was not good, but to prejudice and inflame Shungee’s mind against myself, and all the Missionaries—  
[Oct 26] 26 This morning  Mr Kemp sent to invite Mr Kendall to breakfast, but he declined coming— I wished Mr Kemp to do this, to soften things as well as we could, knowing the influence he had over Shungee’s mind. Mr Kemp afterwards went over to Mr Kendall to request him to settle his accounts with him, as he was at Kiddee Kiddee, but he refused to come. Shungee was very distant with Mr Kemp & wanted to know why I and all the Missionaries, were angry with Mr Kendall, told Mr Kemp that Mr Butler was a bad man, and should not stay at Kiddee Kiddee, and made many more unfavourable observations. Mr Kendall had promised to build Shungee an House and to come and live with him at Kiddee Kiddee— I saw he had wrought powerfully upon Shungee’s mind. Mr Kemp invited Shungee to dine with me but he declined— at length Mr Kendall went away without calling upon me, or any of the Missionaries. After dinner I called upon Shungee, he was rather distant we had some conversation upon indifferent things, when I returned Home— I was very much hurt to think Mr Kendall should  act such an unchristian part [f] as it appeared from Shungee’s conduct he was doing.  I had also an unpleasant altercation with the Revd J Butler about his Son’s house— He told me repeatedly he would leave the Mission, he would not remain in N Zealand to be annoyed as he was— There was no cause whatever for him to be angry, and I replied he was at liberty to leave the Mission when he thought proper— His Son in the first place wanted an extravagant House building, far too large and expensive for a Missionary— I had reduced the plan considerably, but still it appeared to me unnecessarily large— His Son was hurt that I had made any alteration, and spoke in a very improper manner.  I sent for the Carpenter, and gave him the plan of the House, that I wished to have built at the Tee, and desired him to inform me when he would complete it, and when it was done he was to hand over the key to Mr Butler, and that Mr S Butler was not to interfere with the building but to attend to the duty which he was sent out to perform, the education of the children— at the same time pointed out to the Revd  J Butler that his Son had wholly neglected his duty since his arrival in N Zealand, in having no school of any kind which was disgraceful to all concerned— After I had expressed my sentiments to the Revd J Butler relative to his Son’s house, and had shewn him the plan, he left Kiddee Kiddee for Tee where his Son was, and informed him that I made some alterations in the plan of his house, and reduced the dimensions— His Son left the Tee, and arrived in the evening at Kiddee Kiddee to remonstrate with me— I told him the Carpenter had received orders to build an House [f] at Tee containing 4 rooms one for a kitchin— 2 bed rooms, and a dining room, which I considered large enough for any Missionary with a small family; that he was not to interfere with the Carpenter, and when the House  was completed, the key would be given to him if he was at that station— In the meantime he was to employ himself in a School immediately— Mr Butler told me in the morning in his anger, that if he was in his Son’s place he would not stay in the Mission— I told him they might both retire when they wished to do so— In that unfortunate Temper he went to the Tee, and I learned he had gone on board the Dragon afterwards which lay about 6 miles distant— he is of a very unhappy temper, and cannot bear any controul— In my last public Letter addressed to the Missionaries, I cautioned all of them not to go on board any of the Vessels in the harbour, for by so doing they would fall into Snares, and be tempted to drink, and expose themselves to contempt and disgrace— This has been one of the principal evils that they have fallen into, and has led to many others— From Mr Kendall’s conduct this day, I believe he has no intention to leave N Zealand— It will not be safe to leave the Revd  J Butler and him on the Island— I must take one at least with me, and it would be well for the Mission if both were removed— How difficult is it to know how to act! however I must not hesitate— If I cannot persuade Mr Kendall, who is now out of the Mission to leave N Zealand; I must compel Mr Butler who is still a servant of the Society’s to accompany me— and this will be a painful duty— [f] [1823 Oct 28] Tuesday 28— This morning I accompanied Captn Moore on board the Dragon, when we made a final agreement with Captn Walker for his Vessel to convey us to Port Jackson— I agreed to pay Capn  Walker for my share of the freight 1200 Dollars, and Capn Moore 1600.  I was much concerned to learn that the Revd Mr Butler had been on board the preceeding evening in a state of inebriety— what insurmountable difficulties has the Mission to contend with— How awful is the consideration, that the two clergymen who ought to have been the stay, and the strength of the Mission, should be the principals in transgression— When I consider the errors and crimes of which the Missionaries have been guilty, I am astonished that it has existed so long— I am convinced, if it had been possible for Men or devils to have overturned the Mission it would have been at an end long ago— I admire the forbearance and patience of the natives on many occasions— In many instances they are an example both in word and deed to the Missionaries— God will bless this Mission in the end, and by some means or other make the wickedness of Men to promote his glory— He will find Men after his own heart in due time to carry on his work— and these heathens shall praise him— After leaving the Dragon, I proceeded to Pyhea and remained all night with the Revd H Williams—  [Oct 29] 29th — This morning I requested the Revd H Williams to accompany me to Mr Kendall, as I had some [f] accounts to settle with him on account of the Society— Being aware of his rude and violent conduct I did not think it prudent to go alone— We met him in the Boat coming over the Bay, and returned with him to his House— I settled my business with him as far as related to the timber we had purchased &c. At length he began to break out in the most violent manner, and to cast severe reflections upon me and the Society— The Revd H Williams attempted to point out the impropriety of his conduct, and to pacify his mind— He soon became outrageous with Mr Williams, and extremely rude – while we were in conversation Messrs Moore and Walker came in— I informed Mr Kendall that I had provided a passage for him in the Dragon expecting he would tell me when be ready to embark, but instead of this he continued to pour out his reproaches upon the Society for their injustice to him, and to reflect upon my conduct also— I made very little reply to his bitter language— Mr Williams reasoned with him a little until Mr Kendall jumpt up in a rage, took his Hat, and walked out of the House using some strong language to Mr Williams.  I got up and told Mr Williams we had better take our departure— No Man in Bedlam was ever more under the influence of insanity than Mr Kendall is, he appears to be under the influence of a wicked and [f] satanical Spirit— Captn Walker wished to know Mr Kendall’s intentions relative to his embarking, but I could not tell him, for he would not inform me— I am surrounded with very great, and painful difficulties on my side— I can do nothing with Mr Kendall, and what I shall do with the Revd J Butler I cannot tell— His conduct must not be passed over unnoticed— I must call him to account for it, and I am apprehensive he will not be able to justify himself, which will leave me no alternative but either to suspend him or dismiss him altogether, and either will be very painful— I also feel great anxiety lest I should be obliged to leave both the Revd  J Butler and T. Kendall in N Zealand— If Mr Kendall puts his threat in execution and goes to live with Shungee his mind must be bent upon evil and it is impossible to foresee what may be the consequences— I have experienced a thousand times more fear & anxiety and vexation from the misconduct of the Europeans than from the whole of the Natives put together— The Natives as a body of heathens have behaved well, and have been much more kind to the Missionaries than some of them have observed— Mr Kendalls family were left under their protection during his absence in England, and they were very attentive to it— There is nothing to prevent their civilization but the want of proper means— good and faithful missionaries— God will never bless [f] [Oct 29] that Man whose heart is full of Lust, pride, & Envy—[Oct 30] 30th— It was my intention to have returned to Kiddee Kiddee to-day, but could not on account of the stormy weather, I therefore spent the day with the Revd H Williams— I am at a loss what to do with the Revd J Butler— He cannot remain in the Mission unless he proves his innocence— I have ever been persuaded, since he landed in N Zealand, that he is a Man totally unqualified for the work— His violent temper carries him beyond the bounds of decency, and not only endangers his own life, but the lives of his Colleagues.  He never will alter his conduct, his habits are fixed, and humanly speaking will never be eradicated— How happy shall I be to see the day when the Missionaries here live like brethren, and constrain the Heathens to say “see how these Christians love”.  At present I hear little from the Natives but complaints against the Missionaries for their quarrels and disputes one with another— This has a very bad effect upon their minds, and they repeatedly speak of it to me— [Oct 31] Friday 31st— Today I left Pyhea, and returned to Kiddee Kiddee— when I communicated to the Revd J Butler the information I received relative to his conduct on board the Brig Dragon—He denied the charge— I recommended him if guilty, quietly to retire from the Mission— However he demanded an investigation which I told him should be granted— From the whole of the circumstances as related to me I have no doubt of the extreme [f] [1823 Oct 31] impropriety of his conduct.  After much conversation with him upon various circumstances that had occurred, I informed him that he must leave N Zealand, and return with me to N S Wales— that the differences between him, and Mr Kendall and some other circumstances that had taken place between him and the Natives, rendered his removal a matter of necessity— At length he expressed his conviction that it was necessary that he should remove for a time— I recommended also that his Son should accompany him, as it would not be prudent to leave so young a Man situated as he was, with the Natives— It was very painful to have recourse to such measures, and it required the utmost caution in carrying into execution, what existing circumstances demanded to be done— The Natives were all eye, and all ear, watching every look, and every motion— I sent for Shungee and told him, what I had resolved to do— That it was my intention to take  Mr Butler & his Son with me to Port Jackson, and stated my reasons for doing so— Shungee approved of my intention, he had expressed his displeasure at Mr Bs conduct before— Swearing is a capital offence in N Zealand and Mr Butler was accused of this Sin— Shungee had said he had heard him swear himself— As a chiefs Wife had told me, previous to Shungees return from the War, that Mr Butler was guilty of swearing, and that Shungee was [f]  angry with him for it, and as Shungee mentioned after his return that he had heard him, and it had made a very bad impression upon his mind— I concluded that Mr Butler had been guilty of some unguarded expressions— From the whole of what Shungee said, he would be glad of his removal, and as Shungee and Mr Kendall are such warm friends I am persuaded that it would neither be safe for Mr Butler, or the other Missionaries for him to remain. It was now whispered amongst the Natives that Mr Butler was going & all wished to know the real cause— It was difficult to satisfy their enquiries— I had only one strong argument which they could understand, to advance in favour of his going away viz that he was often angry and that they did not like an angry Man— I was afraid when Mr Butler was angry that some of them would be angry and strike Mr Butler, and then there would be a fight— and that no Missionary must fight— They admitted the force of this argument,  as many of them had mentioned to me that Mr Butler was (to use their own words) “too much fight”.  I have nothing to apprehend from any opposition the Natives may shew to his departure— There is nothing that they despise more than a passionate Man— they are not accustomed to fight amongst themselves excepting in regular Warfare, and they cannot bear an angry Man— When I have told them that I intended to send them a Missionary they have immediately asked me, what tempered Man he was, and [f] that if he was an angry fighting Man they would beg of me not to send him, but if he was the same as some individual they would name for mildness of temper, they would request he might be sent— I had much conversation with Mr Butler upon the improprieties that had been committed ever since the first establishment of the Mission at Kiddee Kiddee, pointed out to him the serious errors into which he had fallen, how the instruction of the Natives had been lost sight of— That no Schools had been built, while very large and unnecessary buildings had been put up for him, and could not tell how he could account to the Society for these things— Mr B. admitted he had done wrong, but contended that he was now prepared to carry on the work, with effect, and lamented that those adverse circumstances should occur at this particular time— I replied it was now impossible for him to stay, I could not leave him, and Mr Kendall on the island together, as they were both so violent— I told him what Shungee said, and it could not be foreseen what might happen, if he was not removed.  While we were talking in the Garden two Chiefs came in, and wished to know, if I was angry with Mr B[utle]r— They also mentioned that they had been told that Shungee had said Mr B should not remain at Kiddee Kiddee.  We enquired from whom they had received this information, they immediately told us; from which Mr B was convinced, what impression [f] [Oct 31] had been made upon Shungees mind in his last interview with Mr Kendall— Mr Kendall when he was at Kiddee Kiddee on the 4th ultimo, told me he would bring his family up to the Settlement, and fix them in sight of the Societys Store where they should remain untill they starved to death— This declaration shewed the desperate state of his mind, and how he is governed by unsubdued passions— After many arguments Mr B saw if Mr Kendall came to Kiddee Kiddee that he could not remain, he was greatly agitated, and had many painful reflections, and the charge of late inebriety to answer for, as I told him it was impossible to look over such a charge without an investigation, without committing myself and the interest of the Mission— I recommended him to weigh well the charge, and the probability of his conviction before he attempted to justify his conduct— [Nov 1] Saturday Nov.1— I left Kiddee Kiddee this morning with the Revd J Butler and Mrs Liegh, and proceeded on board the Dragon, in order to see what accommodations could be provided for him and his family as I had fully determined that he should be removed from N Zealand— Mr Butler was very unhappy, he could not but see the great impropriety in his conduct.  As the head of the Mission it was his duty to have been an example to all the other Missionaries of Meekness, of Wisdom, and Godliness, he should as their Shepherd have watched over them with pious [f] [1823 Nov 1] care, and conciliated their minds by well timed attentions— on the contrary the Missionaries had no respect for him, he had been violent and very headstrong, which had destroyed all that esteem which they ought to have had for their Master— This was a misfortune much to be lamented— I was fully convinced that the wounds would never be healed in the minds of his Colleagues— The Natives also were very much dissatisfied with his violent temper, which he could not controul, and complained to me on this account— The most rooted hatred appeared to exist between the Revd T Kendall and him— I was very apprehensive if Mr Kendall went to live at Kiddee Kiddee, the differences between them might occasion some very serious quarrels amongst the natives, and might cause some of them to be cut off— From all the existing circumstances, as Mr Kendall would not leave N Zealand, there was no alternative but to take the Revd Mr Butler with me, and therefore told him plainly he must retire to Port Jackson— After leaving the Dragon, Mrs Liegh accompanied me to Pyhea on a visit to Mrs Williams who expected to be confined every day— We arrived in the Evening where we were welcomed by the Revd H Williams and his Lady— I had only left them the day before under a promise to return immediately— I had arranged the plan for Mr Butler to quit— The local situation of Mr Williams’ station is most beautiful, and the Natives are [f] [Nov 1] very well-behaved— They are as quiet and feel themselves as secure, as if they were in any part of England— I have no doubt but they will be blessed in their Work—[Nov 2] Sunday 2.  I spent the Sabbath at Pyhea where I preached and administered the Sacrament, and christened a little Boy Born here since we arrived, belonging to the Carpenter Mr Fairburn. Our Congregation of Europeans was but small only 11 besides Natives— yet we found it good to wait upon the Lord— I always feel comfortable at Pyhea— A Church I hope will be raised here against which the Gates of Hell will never prevail—
[Nov 3] Novr 3— This morning I purposed to visit Kiddee Kiddee to arrange with the Missionaries for making the enquiry into the charge against  Mr Butler— I had to wait until Mr Moore came from Motoroa with the Boat. He arrived about 10 Oclock— From Pyhea we went on board the Dragon, where I unexpectedly met the RevdsKendall & Butler & Mr King— Mr Kendall was very distant— There were two of the Brothers of the young Woman  Mr Kendall had cohabited with, on board— One of them appeared very indignant and angry with me. I asked him how he did, he turned with savage disdain from me— I knew the cause of his displeasure— It wholly originates from my discountenance of the conduct of the Revd Mr Kendall, who was present— Riva another Chief from Kiddee Kiddee, who had accompanied the Revd J Butler, a Man of high rank and influence, wished to know the reason why [f] I  had ordered Mr Butler to leave N Zealand, and asked me if Shungee had been saying anything to me against Mr Butler— I clearly saw Mr Butler had been imprudently working upon this Chiefs mind, as he spoke to me with some degree of Warmth— I told him Mr Butler was too violent in his temper to remain at N Zealand, reminded him, how he had complained to me of him for striking one of the Natives, and had expressed his displeasure, and furthur told him, that no Missionary who struck a N Zealander should remain in the Country— That the Natives were not to strike the Missionaries, nor the Missionaries the Natives, and that in either case the Europeans should not live in N Zealand— At length he was perfectly satisfied, and approved of this plan, and made no objection to the removal of Mr Butler— I avoided relating to him what Shungee had said to me on the subject as I thought it more prudent for Shungee to explain his sentiments himself, to prevent any misunderstanding between Riva & Shungee.  I could not but consider it a very extraordinary circumstance that the two clergymen should appear to be the only persons, who attempted to prejudice the minds of the Chiefs against me, from no other cause, than my public duty, requiring me to express my disapprobation of their conduct— How dangerous are Men who have fallen from their stedfastness?  After arranging the births for Mr B & his Son, and fixing the time [f] [Nov 3] for the inquiry into the charges made against him, I returned to Pyhea, and took up my lodging with the Revd H Williams, having settled the business on board which induced me to visit Kiddee Kiddee— I purpose to remain here until Thursday when the investigation will take place at this settlement— I am persuaded Mr B. will find great difficulty in indicating his conduct & in wiping off the stain that has been cast upon his character— [Nov 4] 4th To-day a Whaler arrived in the Bay from England, having had a 4 months passage— It was very gratifying to see a Ship from Europe— I send on board for a few Newspapers, but the Servant returned without them, in consequence of those in command on board being intoxicated— [Nov 5]  I wished much to see the public papers, and this morning went on board, but found some difficulty in getting any from the Master, he seemed to be so much given up to Drunkenness I could gain little information from him—[Nov 6] Thursday 6th— This was a very uncomfortable day, the Committee met to investigate the Revd J Butler’s conduct— It was a painful reflection to me, to see a Man in the character of a Minister of the Gospel put himself in the power of those who know not God— I was in hopes Mr B would not have exposed himself by forcing an investigation, as he had in prospect, but of disgrace by doing this— after the enquiry had closed, before the proceedings had been laid before me he demanded to know the result— I could not tell him, as I [f] [1823 Nov 6] did not know. He was very much agitated, and  inquired first of one Member, and then of  another— When he was informed that he was not acquited, his anger became very hot— He insisted upon a furthur investigation tho’ he had had every opportunity afforded him to justify his conduct, that his colleagues  could give— The Revd H Williams applied to me to know what was to be done, as they had closed their proceedings, Mr B having declined to bring forward any furthur evidences in his defence.  I replied tho’ it would not be regular in a Court of Law for an accused person after Judgment had been given against him to call upon the Court to examine furthur evidences, yet as Mr was so urgent, I saw no serious objection to the Committee sitting again in order to meet Mr Bs wishes. I was fully persuaded he could never make his case better, and he might make it much worse, and would do so, if other evidences were called against him— However the Committee sat again, when a Man who had been lately a Convict was examined— How degrading to the sacred character to be obliged to call for the testimony of such a Man to vindicate his reputation— When the whole of the proceedings were handed to me I saw Mr B was in a very unfortunate state, and such as I had warned him of before he ventured to call for an enquiry— I consider him a ruined Man— God permits Men to [f] fall into Sin, and covers them with shame to humble their pride, and to subdue their evil passions.  Should divine goodness bless this awful event to his Soul, he may become a New Man— I hope Mr  B will be the last, who will disgrace the Mission.  There has been vast sums of Money expended on, or by the Revd J Butler, which will have not as yet turned to much account— He has laboured hard in his own way, but unfortunately not for the honour and general good of the Mission. His Conduct to his Colleagues have been very discouraging and distressing to them— His removal from N Zealand will be a great relief to the minds of those who are heartily engaged in the Work—[Nov 7] 7th I left Pyhea for Kiddee Kiddee with an intention to return the following morning in order to be ready to embark— On my arrival I found it would be necessary to settle many unpleasant circumstances that had occurred lately, before I took my final leave of Kiddee Kiddee— Shungee and all the Chiefs with most of the Inhabitants were gone to the River Gambier in order to remove the bones of four of their Relatives to the family sepulcher— This is a very great religious Ceremony— The people assemble from all parts on such occasions— The funeral orations are spoken, when all the great deeds the deceased have done, and the virtues they possest are recited— If my time would have permitted I wished much to have seen the funerals— Shungees Mother was one, his Son in law who had been killed in [f] battle, at the River Thames, was a second, a Chief who had fallen in action at Terra Nakkee, and another great chief who had died a natural death at Gambiers River— Shungee had a long conversation with Mr Kemp before he went, about Mr Kendall— He told Mr Kemp that Mr Kendall had purchased the Brampton’s long boat for him to go to War with, that Mr Kendall intended to come to live at Kiddee Kiddee.  Shungee said we ought to pardon him now, and supply him with what he wanted from the Society’s Stores, and if we did not he should be very angry, for Mr Kendall was his friend, and had done much for him— Mr Kemp pointed out to Shungee the impropriety of Mr Kendalls conduct, which was the cause of our withdrawing support from him— Shungee said, we acted very different from them, for if one Chief took another Man’s Wife, they had one fight, and there was an end of it, but we continued our anger— Mr Kemp wished to know how he was to act, if Mr Kendall made application for supplies— I directed that if he (Mr Kemp) apprehended any evil consequences would follow from a refusal, he was to comply with Mr Kendalls application, if the Stores would allow of his being supplied on Mr Kendall paying for the articles he obtained— Should Mr Kendall refuse to pay for them, and demand them as a right, and should Shungee interfere Mr Kemp in that case would do right [f] [Nov 7] to let Mr Kendall have them, and report to me and the Society the first opportunity all the circumstances— at the same time remonstrate with Mr Kendall, and inform Shungee that if the Missionaries could not remain quietly in N Zealand they would return to Port Jackson.  It is uncertain what Mr Kendall will do in his state of mind, as he appears to have no controul over his passions— At the same time I think Shungee is too just a Man to support any unfair demands which Mr Kendall might make upon the Stores— He feels great regard for Mr Kendall, and under strong obligations to him, for indulging his passion for War— But in all my conversations with him relative to Mr Ks conduct Shungee always condemned his unlawful intercourse with the Native Woman— On the commission of this crime I argued the necessity of Mr Kendalls removal from New Zealand, that he had violated our customs and laws; and made our God angry— Shungee would reply, he has put away the woman now, and our anger should cease— I hope the removal of the Revd J Butler Mr Cowell & their families from N Zealand will have a good effect upon the Natives— It will convince them, that Missionaries must act properly or they will be dismissed, and sent away. [Nov 8] 8th— This morning I had a long conversation with the Revd J Butler on his own unhappy situation— Told him from what had past he never could return again to N Zealand, nor did I think he could remain [f] [1823 Nov 8] in Port Jackson with any comfort to himself.  I recommended him to return to Europe when an opportunity offered— The whole of his misconduct would soon spread thro’ the Colony after our arrival which would render his situation painful— He replied he would preach there when he arrived, if it was under an Hedge, and no Man should prevent him— I told him, perhaps he would alter his mind when he got there— As there appeared to be the most rooted hatred in his mind against Mr James Shepherd, and many wicked and infamous reports circulated against this young Man, and Mr B having expressed himself to me in strong language, I told him I was determined to examine into the ground of those infamous reports before I went, in justice to Mr Shepherd, and to prevent any thing from being said at Port Jackson to his prejudice after we arrived there if he was unjustly accused.  Mr B said he had no charge against him & blamed Mr Kendall for propagating them — I wished to know the reason if he knew nothing against Mr Shepherd why he had said such evil things of him?  As yet I had never hinted to Mr Shepherd that any thing had been said to me to the injury of his reputation as I believed him to be a sterling character and wholly devoted to the Work and that the true reason for charging him with crime was his devotedness to the Mission, his conduct being such a condemning contrast to that of others— I was aware that when we landed [f] in N S Wales the same evil reports would be circulated there against Mr Shepherd, as were propagated here, which would greatly distress his pious Father— I was therefore resolved as far as possible to prevent this scandal— I sent for Mr Shepherd, informed him what I had heard, and called upon him to vindicate his character which he shewed the greatest willingness to do. I went for the Revd J Butler and requested the Revd Samuel Liegh to be present, who happened to be at Kiddee Kiddee, and as many of the Missionaries as I could collect at the time— The investigation ended much to the credit of Mr Shepherd and not less to my satisfaction— It is impossible to conceive to what a painful height the evil of defamation had arisen amongst the Missionaries, which had produced want of Love, of confidence, and of every christian feeling— It is melancholy to reflect, that the greatest part of this scandalous conduct, has originated with those who should have set a very  different example to their Colleagues— Mr was greatly agitated, during this investigation and his feelings wounded— I think if any thing can be a warning to him, if any thing can subdue his stubborn pride, it is, what he has lately, and is now suffering, and will have to suffer before his mind recovers a state of quiet and peace— What a dreadful tormentor is a Mans conscience, when it is permitted to operate, united with wounded pride, and merited contempt— When Men are bad themselves [f] and guilty of open Sins, they will magnify the errors of others to the utmost; what a blessed grace is Humility— how happy is the Man who possesses it, who learns of Jesus to be meek and lowly in heart— May the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ give me an humble mind, that I may at all times think others better than myself, and act with the meekness of Wisdom at all times, towards all Men— I have never experienced more the want of wisdom and meekness than during the period I have been in N Zealand. I have met with many things to try me, many to cast me down, and many to provoke me to anger— I pray that all I have attempted to do may be attended with the Divine blessing— This whole day, has been a very distressing one, but I hope that such evils will never afflict this Mission in future, which have been examined into this day, but that some of them are cut up by the roots. In the Evening the Chief George from Wangaroa came over to see me, and also Mr Liegh before we sailed— I am rejoiced to find that he is so attentive to the Wesleyan Missionaries.  He promised he would be kind to them when I went over to settle their concerns with him— That the Man who about 14 years ago cut off the Crew of the Boyde became a terror to all the Europeans, should now be within the preaching of the Gospel nay that the Missionary House should be built within sight of the very spot where the Crew of the above Ship were all eat by these Cannibals is wonderful— George [f] [1823 Nov 8] is now sitting by me, I told him I have mentioned his name; he begs me to say in writing that he will never injure any of the Europeans more— He has frequently expressed his sorrow for the event— God no doubt had some wise end to answer in permitting such an awful Calamity to happen— The N Zealanders had previously suffered much from our Countrymen— Justice in the common way could not overtake the guilty, the Natives could not bring the Murderer to punishment in any court of Justice, and therefore the Supreme Governor of the World let lo[o]se these ferocious Cannibals upon this Crew, and they devoured them, and their bones now lie scattered upon the ground an awful monument of Divine Vengance— I must now close this days proceedings, it has been full of anxiety, and very unpleasant feelings— I shall now lie down, weary and fatigued under the protection of him who keepeth israel – Tomorrow is the Sabbath—
[Nov 9] Sunday 9th— I preached to-day at Kiddee Kiddee.  The Revds Butler Liegh & White attended— It was rather a gloomy day in a spiritual sense, arising in a great measure from the recent circumstance that had occurred— Mr. was very low— he was sensible he had not acted correctly— It is a most painful duty to cut off one member from the body, especially a Minister of the Gospel to the Heathen— All human Institutions are imperfect, tho’ under the direction of the wisest and best of Men; Moses was greatly disappointed in the Princes  he selected to spy out the land of Canaan, only two of the twelve gave him satisfaction, the other 10 endeavoured to excite Rebellion, and Mutiny in the Congregation of Israel, and the only two [f] [1823 Nov 9] faithful Servants, who gave a true report, all the congregation bade them stone them with stones— The same spirit is still in the world, and will always manifest itself when an opportunity offers— We should not therefore think it strange if we are disappointed in our hopes of men— Time will prove every Man— If Men are not on the Lords side they will fall off in the day of trial, and yield to the lusts of their own hearts— Moses was much distressed when he found his hopes disappointed in those whom he had appointed to spy out the land.  So will all good men be at the present day— But the bad conduct of the spies did not prevent the Israelites eventually from taking possession of the land of Canaan, neither shall the misconduct of Missionaries prevent the final success of the Gospel amongst the heathens.  It must prevail.  [Nov 10] 10th I took my leave of Kiddee Kiddee this morning— I have no doubt but a Church will be raised there to the Honor of the God of Israel— In time this will become a great settlement, it possesses many local advantages, and is one of the best Missionary Stations I have met with for a principal Settlement— Had I to select again I should fix upon this spot— I left it with feelings both pleasing, and painful; pleasing as it respects the future prospect of the Mission, and painful in being constrained to remove the Revd J Butler, after 4 years residence.  Samuel the prophet was directed to anoint Saul King over Israel, yet he did not do what was right in the sight of the Lord; at the same time he prepared the way, for the Man after Gods own heart to fill the throne of Israel— God will still find Men who will do his work faithfully when [f] [1823 Nov 10] others do not, are removed— The day was very stormy, we were compelled to put into the Island of Motoroa, as we could not reach the brig— In the Evening I requested Captain Moore to convey me to Pyhia, distant about 7 miles.  The Sea ran very high, and broke awfully grand almost across the whole Bay— While I stopt at Motoroa I endeavoured to purchase the island from the Chief, as it is a most excellent station for a Missionary, especially a medical Man— It is situated in the middle of the Harbour in the very centre of the other Missionary stations— When I asked the chief to sell me the Island, he said if I should give him Axes and Hoes or Spades &c &c—for the Island, all these articles would soon be bartered away for mats or Canoes, or any other thing, and then he and his tribe would be no better than they were then; but if I would send them a Missionary to live upon the Island, he would give it to me for nothing, as a Missionary would be a permanent advantage to them— The old Chief made many more very judicious observations— I told him, if it was in my power, I would send them a Missionary at some future time— A young Man observed, when you send us one, do not send us an angry fighting Man— In the dusk of the Evening I arrived safe at Pyhea,  and in about an hour after my arrival Mrs Williams was safely delivered of a little Boy— She had a very easy birth; The Lord is good and gracious, a present Help in time of need, and never faileth those that put their trust in him— Mrs Williams is a Woman of strong Faith, and sound Piety, and has no idea of fear and on these accounts she is well suited [f] for her present situation, happy and content at all times. [Nov 11] 11th  Have been very busy this day in examining the public accounts, and have also written my last public Letter to the Missionaries, as it is said the Brig will sail tomorrow— I hope when we do sail, we shall be more successful than we were in the Brampton— God has some wise ends to answer in the loss of that Ship, many changes have taken place since that Event which I cannot doubt will turn out to the furthurance of the Gospel— When the Brampton was wrecked I had not seen Shungee, and many other Chiefs— they had not returned from the War— Since then every necessary arrangement has been made with them to my satisfaction— I should have left the Revd J Butler in the Mission, and I do not believe he would have altered his Conduct, which might have ended in some things very serious— Tho’ I have spent a very anxious time in N Zealand, yet I leave it with full confidence that the Mission will prosper—  I have no doubt but the removal of those who accompany me will be attended with the greatest good— When Missionaries will not do their duty, it is the wisest way to remove them at once.  They weaken the hands of those that are faithful continually, throw difficulties in their way, and set a bad example to the heathens—[Nov 12] 12.  Spent this day (as the Dragon did not sail) in various arrangements with the Revd H Williams for conducting the Mission— Messrs Willm Hall & King came on a visit to Pyhea— I had a long conversation with them relative to the affairs of the [f] [1823 Nov 12] Mission, and their own past conduct— I contended that Mr King ought to have taught some of the Native Youths to have made a pr of Shoes, before this period for the comfort of his Colleagues & their families, as they had made many complaints to me for the want of Shoes— they had neither any one to mend or make them any Shoes— and that Mr Hall also ought to have taught some of the Natives to do a little Carpenters work— We could not agree in our views.  They have now began a School, but I am afraid they will not do their duty faithfully— They have followed their own way too long, and despised all the orders that have been given to them by their Superiors— I was so much vexed with Mr Kings observations, that I wrote to him on the impropriety of his Conduct, before I left N Zealand— When Men once get wrong, it is very difficult to persuade them that they are so— Pride or Avarice, or obstinancy or some besetting Sin opposes their return to the discharge of their duty— [Nov 13] 13th  I went on board the Dragon, as we expected to sail— I was obliged to leave the Chiefs behind that had embarked with me in the Brampton as there was no room for them.  6 Native youths would not leave the Dragon, I told them there was no place for them, and therefore they could not go— They intreated to be allowed to lay upon Deck, if we would give them this indulgence, they wished no more, which was granted— [Nov 14] 14th At Day light we weighed anchor, and stood out to Sea.  There was very little wind, towards Evening the Breeze freshed and we stood for the north cape. [Nov 15] 15th This Morning the wind was against us, we were opposite doubtful Bay, and endeavoured by tacking, to work round the North Cape, but gained little ground all day. [Nov 16] 16th— We found ourselves nearly in the same [f] situation we were last night, and tried all day to weather the Cape, but in vain, towards Evening it blew a strong Gale, we were compelled to bear away to the Northward, and Eastward, and from that time untill our arrival at Port Jackson on the 31st we met with generally very stormy Weather, and a very high Sea —